Malcolm X Essay Example for Free

Malcolm X Essay1.What details of the events has each writer selected to focus on? for each one writer selected to focus on the person that Malcolm X was overall. I believe that they put so much emphasis on the events that took place up until his character blackwash to bear witness how important he was. Each person meant what his purpose was in the ballroom that day. Each writer also mentioned how many people were there to show his importance also. One crucial detail was that Malcolm X was shot by a member of his own race. 2.How has each writer organized the details that conduct been selected?Each writer organized the details as if they were watching a television show. They presented the end result first. Then they explained what led to that outcome. Afterwards they explained the reaction the assassination. I can relate to the way they organized the details. When I witness or find something out, I normally say what happened. For example, Amber, the car is broken. Of course th e next interrogative mood would be, how? 3.How does each writer interpret Malcolm X, his followers, the gunmen, and the significance of the assassination?Each writer perceived Malcolm X to be a leader, respected by many. They showed how relaxed he was when the disputation began. His followers were in shock because he showed them how to be calm and control themselves through hard times. The gunmen were perceived as someone Malcolm X had problems with in the past. The assassination was shocking because he was killed by a black man when he focused on the mistreatment of the whites. 4.How has each writer used language to express his or her perspectives and to influence the thinking of the reader?Each writer used language by explaining the emotions of everyone when the assassination occurred. The writers wrote in a way to show how important Malcolm X life was. I think that expressing how you felt on a situation is the best way to connect to writers. Your feelings can help others relate .

The Shawshank Redemption Essay Example for Free

The Shawshank Redemption EssayThe Shawshank Redemption You have just been tending(p) a life sentence imprisonment to be served divulge in Shawshank Prison. Your world as you know it will be turned upside down. inner these brick walls everything will be different. Or will it? You argon no longer variance of society as a whole, but you are now part of a smaller society, the Shawshank prison. Like the large society you just left the prison has the same five social institutions that every society has, just in different forms. You will see a government enforcing the stinging rules of the prison, develop new relationships with mate inmates who will become your family and educate yourself both academically and spiritually. From the number an inmate arrives at Shawshank Prison it becomes obvious who makes the rules and who enforces them. Warden Nortons speech to the prisoners when they first arrive makes this clear as his exclaims, your ass belongs to me. The fatal beating of fata ss by the take Hadley reiterates the fact that the prisoners have no voice inside the prison walls.Step a foot out of line or say something the Warden does not kindred and its off to solitary confinement. When Andy calls the Warden obtuse, because he would not help him prove his innocence Andy is locked in solitary confinement for two months. The Warden will unconstipated abuse his power and purposely execute an inmate he feels could get in his steering. Tommy Williams is wrongly executed when he tells the Warden he will gladly witness to help prove Andys innocence.Of course the shooting is posed to look like a tragic accident. The government, or basically whatever Warden Norton says, is harsh and corrupt and there is little to nothing the inmates can do to help themselves. Although Shawshank prisoners leave their blood families behind they soon acquire a new one, their swain inmates. Although not a traditional family the inmates actions towards all(prenominal) other are no di fferent then those of two brothers. Family members are willing to take risks and make sacrifices for each other.When Andy is sitting in the Wardens office and begins playing the record with the two singing Italian woman he is taking a risk so he can give his fellow inmates a much needed lift of spirits, if only for a few moments. Red and Andy are especially close, so when Andy uses his connections to get Red a harmonica to spark hope inside of him, it is because Andy is concerned for Reds well being and state of mind, the same way a brother would care. Family members also have unconditional love for one another. No matter what crazy, idiotic things family members do for the most part they can concede one another and move on.When Brooks goes crazy and whips a knife out on Heywood everyone is able to look past his momentary lapse of assessment and forgive Brooks. Although slightly shaken up even Heywood does not stay angry for too long. As family members the inmates can forgive each other for their mistakes. Although Shawshank prisoners are not receiving a formal education they are still educating themselves academically and spiritually. With the money that Andy receives from Congress he sets up a library to help his fellow inmates grow intellectually. He even goes a step further to help Tommy Williams and several others study to get their GEDs.However most of the education a prisoner receives at Shawshank is not the kind you learn in a classroom, but the kind that makes you look at life differently. Andy helps teach Red that hope does not make a man go insane but that it can set you free. When Red sits before the parole board after dowry forty years of his life sentence the speech he makes differs greatly from his two previous speeches. This one shows a great amount of personal offset and understanding. Even if he stays locked up in Shawshank for another forty years he has found the hope inside of him that has already set him free.What he has learned in his time at Shawshank is something that cannot be taught, it is learned from experience Your new life at Shawshank will be filled with much pain, frustration and injustice just like it was when you were out of prison. But you will still have people there to support and care for you just like you did when you were out of prison. You will still have ways to empower you mind and grow as a human being just like you did when you were out of prison. behavior at Shawshank will take time to adjust to but as long as you keep hope inside you will always be free just like when you were out of prison.

Review The Tennessee Valley Authority And Its Consequences History Essay

Review The Tennessee Valley Authority And Its Consequences History EssayWhen it was effected in 1933, the Tennessee Valley Authority was an extremely controversial organization. As part of Roosevelts New Deal and his first hundred days, in which he initiated many invigorated programs to jump start the nations economy and put people back to work, the TVA was charged with the responsibility of providing electrical energy, improving infrastructure, and enhancing the fiber of life of the deeply depressed people bread and butter in the Tennessee Valley. During the Great printing, those populating this area resided in log cabins, with only the bare essentials needful to survive, and sometimes less. Their objectives of electrifying rural the States came into direct conflict with the laissez-faire(prenominal) ambitions of private expediency companies. Also, in order to accomplish their goals of improving the Tennessee Valleys waterways for transportation meant building decametres a nd man- do lakes, displacing thousands of topical anesthetics who had inhabited the area for hundreds of years. This operation not only refer relocating families to their bare-assed homes, which was met with an exceptional amount of resistance, but exhuming the thousands of graves and reburying them at new sites. However, although the work done by the TVA in this area was sometimes flawed, and despised by many people in which the program aimed to champion, the organization helped to bring modern commodities to a region that had been devastated by the economic crisis of the Great Depression.The Tennessee Valley During the DepressionThe area surrounding the prospective site for Norris Dam had been settled for the past two hundred years and, like more of Americas farm charge further west, the land showed signs of exhaustion by farmers who did not consider the long term effects of over earth. Prior to the Depression, many young men and women from the Tennessee Valley would move apart from the area to their own farms or to new cities of an increasingly industrialized Midwest. However, when tough economic times hit the American people during the Great Depression, many of those who had left field to begin their own lives returned home to the safety and the familiar surroundings of their Tennessee homes. In the years between 1930 and 1935, the Tennessee Valley saw an increase in the areas population, which do keep off what little the land provided even more difficult than before.1Farmers in the Tennessee Valley primarily raised corn for their animals and livestock while raising early(a) crops for personal consumption. Tobacco was also raised to bring in a source of revenue, providing farmers with something they could sell in order to buy things they could not make or grow at home. Farming primarily for ones own personal use, called subsistence farming, was a way of life in the Tennessee Valley which allowed for very few luxuries to the people which lived th ere. The 3500 farming families in the area which would be flooded by the Norris Dam included both property owners and tenant farmers, or farmers who grew cash crops like tobacco on another persons land in exchange for a place to live. Living conditions in the Tennessee Valley were extremely difficult for both of these groups. Even during the most favourable of times, there was not nearly enough money gained by way of topical anaesthetic taxes to provide for adequate man schools, health services, or road construction.2 insane asylum of the Tennessee Valley AuthorityOne of the TVAs primary objectives was to improve infrastructure and the ability to transport goods through the Tennessee Valley through the use of its rivers and other waterways. This was particularly the face with an area of the Tennessee valley known as Muscle Shoals, Alabama, where the Tennessee River falls 140 feet in elevation over almost thirty miles. This dramatic drop in altitude produced the rapids or shoals that the area received its named for, and made it extremely difficult for ships to go through and travel up further the Tennessee River. In 1916 the federal giving medication gained ownership of the region and began drawing up plans to build a dam there. The proposed dam was intended to produce electrical energy which was needed to manufacture explosives for the war effort. However, the primary World War ended before the sites could be completed and utilized. During the next few years, the government debated over what should be done with the area. Some members of Congress argued that the dam should be s octogenarian to private organizations.SenatorGeorge W. Norrisfrom Nebraska, on the other hand, argued that the public should retain control over the area. Norris had attempted several times to initiate bills for the federal schooling of the region. However, they were all defeated by Republican administrations who saw no advantages to retaining the area. With the onset of the Grea t Depression, Americans viewed government economic intervention in the public interest much more favorably. The newly elected President Roosevelt, who had a previous interest in regional planning, conservation, and planning, punted Norris proposal to develop the Tennessee River Valley.3On the 18th of May, 1933 Roosevelt sign(a) the Tennessee Valley Authority Act as part of his first 100 days. The objectives of the TVA was to improve transportation along the Tennessee River, provide methods for flood control, plan reforestation, improve the quality of the poor farm lands, aid in industrial and agricultural organic evolution, and assist in the national defense effort with the development of government owned the Tempter and nitrate manufacturing sites at Muscle Shoals.Although almost ninety percent of those alive in urban areas had electricity by the 1930s, this was only true for ten percent of people living in rural areas. Private electricity companies, who were the primary supp liers of electric causation to the nations consumers, insisted that it would be too expensive to build electric lines to small, set-apart rural farmsteads. They also argued that most farmers would not even be able to afford electricity in the event that they were provided the opportunity.Roosevelt and his administration held the belief that if private electricity companies could not or would not supply electric power to the American people, then it was the responsibility of the federal government to do it. In 1935, the Rural electric automobile Administration was established to electrify to rural areas such as the Tennessee Valley. In his 1935 article Electrifying the Countryside, the head of the REA, Morris Cooke, stated thatThough rural power uses of electricity began thirty-five years ago on an irrigated farm in California, the 1930 Census showed that only one tenth of American farms had central station service. One of the barriers to the development of farm electrification has been the rural line extension policy of many of the utilities. The power company has persisted in regarding the farmer not as a potential power customer, but as a small domestic consumer.4By the start of 1939 the REA had assisted in establishing several hundred rural electric cooperatives, which provided services to about 300,000 homes. Rural households with electricity had risen to twenty-five percent. Furthermore, the acts of the REA motivated private power companies to provide electricity to the countryside as well. When farmers did finally receive electric power, they helped to support local merchants by purchasing electric appliances. As in turned out, farmers generally required more energy than those living in the city, which helped to balance the extra expenses on the part of the electric companies in bringing power lines to the rural areas.The Tennessee Valley Authority established the Electric Home and Farm Authority to assist farmers in purchasing major electric appliance s. The EHFA made special arrangements with appliance manufacturers to provide electric ranges, water heaters, and refrigerators at prices most farmers could afford. The new appliances were sold at local electric cooperatives and utility companies. It was here that a farmer could purchase appliances with loans offered by the EHFA, who provided these loans with low-cost financing.5Electrification of rural land was based on the idea that affordable electricity would help to improve the standard of living and the economic independence of the traditional family farm. But electricity alone was not nearly enough to put a stop the hardships being faced by Americas farm communities. Furthermore, it did not stop the migration of rural farmers from the country to the city, or did the shrinking of the total number of family owned farms. opposer to the TVAThere were many people who opposed the TVA and the federal governments participation in developing electric power in rural areas, in particula r utility companies who thought that the government had an unfair advantage when competing with private companies. Also, some members of the Congress who didnt believe the government should have the right to influence the economy, thought that the TVA was a potentially dangerous program which would bring the United States effective that much closer to socialism.6Others believed that rural farmers did not have the knowledge or skills needed to maintain and support local electric companies.7The most powerful opposition to the Tennessee Valley Authority came from power companies, who found it hard to compete with the cheaper energy provided through the TVA, and they saw it as a danger to private development. They argued that the federal governments participation in the electricity industry was unconstitutional. The attack on the TVA was led by future presidential prospect Wendell Willkie, then president of the large power utility company Commonwealth Southern Company.During the 1930 s, many court cases were brought against the TVA. The Alabama Power Company presented a shell against the TVA that made it all the way to the Supreme coquette. They argued that by entering into the electricity industry, the federal government had surpassed its Constitutional powers. However, there attempts proved unsuccessful. In February of 1936, the Supreme Court came to the decision that the TVA had the right and authority to produce power at Wilson Dam as well as to sell and distribute that electricity. In 1939 the Court again maintained the constitutionality of the Tennessee Valley Authority.8Consequences of the TVAThe TVA was established in part to improve the standard of living in an region which was home to one-third-and-a-half million people. When Norris Dam was constructed, it submerged an office of 239 square acres where about 3,500 families resided. The Act establishing the TVA gave it the authority to exercise the right ofeminent domain, and in the purchase of any real estate or the reproval of real estate by condemnation proceedings, the title to such real estate.9Even though the TVA had been established for the purpose of improving the living conditions of the people living in the Tennessee Valley, the federal government neglected to offer much of any assistance in resettling the displaced families of the Norris washstand. In this area, farm owners were supplied with cash settlements for their property and were given help in the search for a new home. Tenants, who merely worked on the land but did not own it, received no payment at all. The Norris Basin had been home for thousands of families for centuries. Generations of people had been buried there. In addition to relocating all of the areas living population, all of the regions dead had to be exhumed from their graves and reburied in places outback(a) the reach of the lakes created by the Norris dam. For both the farm families and the TVA workers alike, this process was extremely diffi cult.10Some of the families displaced by the Norris Dam benefited from the work of the TVA. Many people saw that their new homes were nicer and more comfortable than their old log cabin ones. Additionally, approximately one out of five had a member of their family who was employed by the TVA. However, sixty percent of the relocated families were relocated to new homes within the Norris Basin, which, even after the efforts of the TVA, continued to be a region prone to the same kind of problems of bad farming conditions and overpopulation and which had been a source of pother from them prior.Similarly to other planned communities developed during FDRs New Deal, the small town of Norris was initially supposed to be a great display for the electrification of rural America and city planning. Many people believed that Norris would be the perfect home for those displaced people from the Norris Basin. However, the construction workers who came to the area in order to build the Norris Dam a lso needed a place to stay. Because of this, Norris originally functioned as temporary housing for the TVA workers and their families, while the residents of the Norris Basin were forced to find other accommodations, often times in areas just as poverty-stricken as where they had come from.11The idea that Norris would become a model American town was a mistaken one from the start. TVA authorities made regulations excluding African-American families from living in the town. They argued that these measures were taken in order to conform to the traditions and customs of the region. However, black leaders were quick to point out that impoverished discolour and black families had lived and worked together in the mountains and valleys of the basin for many years prior to the arrival of the TVA. During the 1930s, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People coordinated three separate investigations of Tennessee Valley Authority for racial discrimination in the housing an d hiring of African-Americans.A man named Arthur Morgan, who was very interested in community planning, imagined Norris as a self-sustaining community of people who involved themselves in small, local cooperative industries. Early in the development of Norris, some cooperative businesses were established. These included canneries, creameries, and poultry farms. The communitys public school became a focal point of of community activity. Educational classes were given to children as well as adults, and for the town people themselves and for the farming families from the surrounding communities. However, notwithstanding Morgans ambition and noble goals for the town, living in Norris was operated much like any other company town. The TVA managed almost every aspect of activity in Norris. Everything from the towns float station to its cafeteria was operated by the TVA.12When the dam was finished, the construction workers left Norris. Working professionals who were employed by TVA or in nearby Knoxville saw Norris as a practical(a) alternative to life in the city, and the town slowly transformed into a white collar suburb of Knoxville. As the towns inhabitants became more affluent, and were required to travel to jobs which were outside of Norris, the cooperative organizations and many of the community driven activities diminished. In 1948, the government sold the town to a private corporation, who in turn resold the individual lots to the residents.The TVA made many advancements to the Tennessee Valley in terms of infrastructure, and the quality of life for the majority of the areas residents. This region was one of the hardest hit by the Great Depression. The majority of Americans living in rural areas were living without electricity at the start of the 1930s. Private utility companies were unwilling to spend the money needed to reach these rural communities with their power lines. As part of his attempt to bring the United States out of the Depression and into the modern era, Franklin Roosevelt initiated many new work programs, including the TVA. Unfortunately, these advancements sometimes came with sacrifice for those residents, in particular the displaced families of the Norris Basin. However, without these sacrifices, it whitethorn not have been possible for the people living in Tennessee Valley to improve their living conditions.

Importance Of Work Life Balance

Importance Of Work Life BalanceIts the idea that a persons sustenance orthogonal of give-up the ghost is as important as their devises bearings and that the metre a person spends functioning should be vestibular sensed by time spent doing things such as spending time with friends and family, keeping fit, doing hobbies, traveling etc.Work vitality isotropy is the state of equilibrium between an individuals stool and personal life. Work life balance is achieved when an individual combination of work, family commitments and his personal life in an upshotive and efficiently way. If a worker is spending more(prenominal) time on work, he earned money but he un qualified to give quality time to his family and would in any case be neglected from his community. If a worker is working too little work, then he could not be able to provide his family a decent standard of living. A wizard individual work-life balance varies overtime. Work life balance for an individual worker is di fferent from a single p arnt or a p arnt with discipline going squirtren.Importance of work-life balanceThe idea of WLB does bring attention to the fact that world a salve is detrimental to a persons physical and mental social welf ar socializing, physical activity, and being with friends and family are whole activities that contribute to being happier and healthier. Adopting WLB practices, the system can also give a sense of social responsibility that organisation is not only concerned with the profits earning activities but they are also concerned with the non- line of descent activities analogous taking care of families of the workers.MERITSSpent more time with family.fitter lifeProductivity increasedClear thinking.Better judgments.Enjoyment of work.Better social analogyships.Broader perspective.Less stressDEMERITSSlower career advancement.Lower financial rewards. base out of the mainstream.Reduction in responsibilityHow important for employees and employersAll around th e world, many companies realized that there is a connection between the work life balance and the impact it whitethorn experience on their business. Much business believed on the theory that their employers must devote their work time to their work alone. Employees were not eachowed to will the work due to unexpected emergencies because many employers believed that their employees were hired only for work. As the world is changing, many employers become more conciliatory to balance the life situation with their employees.The most common problem for the employees is that they worked too much. They spent many hours in the office to complete their activities. For this reason a negative atmosphere whitethorn be created in the company. To combat that negative atmosphere or attitude there are many employers who are beginning to educate themselves and their employees on work-life balance.Employees who curb to balance their work with their life activity are more likely to be happy. Thi s increased happiness can create demonstrable work surroundingss. Employers whap that friendly work environments mean better results and better results often translate into profits.Developing Work-life balance is not only beneficial to employers. Employees, their family and friends can all from hit from a positive work-life balance. Once a balance between life and work has been established a working parent may be able to spend more time with family.Benefit not Just for Those with FamiliesMany shaping brought work-life balance in the workplace considering the families of employees, but work-life balance is not meet for individuals with family. It is true that the employees who benefit the most from a work life balance policy are those with families however, others do as well. When work-life balance incorporated in to the business structure it must applies to all employees not trusted one. This means that everyone, including unmarried individuals or those without children, can reap the benefits of WLB.Many employers offer work alternatives to their employees to create positive work environment. All of these alternatives are likely to decrease the amount of time that an employee has to spend in the workplace when they already have prior engagements. Some of the alternatives are flexible hours, working at home, or job sharing.There are many individual who have multiple hobbies. A hobby is an activity to get into during your free time. Some of the activities are stamp collecting, photography, writing, reading story books, playing sports and other outdoor activities. Since work-life balance reduces the amount of time you are giving to your job, so an employee can utilize his/her time for doing such activity. There are many individuals who (when not working) volunteer in or around their local community. Volunteering is most unremarkably done at not profit charities, play groups, schools, and homeless shelters. Having a healthy balance between work and life i s what enables many employees to volunteer during their tralatitious work hours.Impact of working long hoursWorking eight hours is considered to be as the standard time for employees in many areas of the world. But an employee often kit and boodle for more than eight hours a day because employer requires it. Regardless of the reason for doing so it has been proven that long hours can have a negative impact on an employee and their family.Some health issues are associated with working long hours. Stress is more likely to occur when you are working long hours more than the standard. It has been known a sleep deprivation that is cause by stress. Individuals who suffer from a lack of sleep and a large amount of stress are likely to have a weak immune system. In order to prevent from these employees need to get a proper amount of rest and relaxation.The most important affects of working long hours is the amount of time you spend with your family. Your relationship with your family is d epending of how much time you spend with them. It is not uncommon for tension to be present in a house match where one or more of the home occupants are working long hours. Stress is more likely to occur when a household hold more than one duty and give extra time to her outside work.When an employee has regularly been putting in long hours at their workplace it is often operose to stop. It is not uncommon for a worker to fear asking their employer for a reduction in hours in fear of losting their job. So If a job was veritable on the terms that workdays would be longer than most traditional ones it may be difficult for you to find a solution to your long lasting hours. If you concur to the work arrangement your only alternative may be finding an organization that values the balance between working and life.How work-life balance should be utilise in the workplaceEarning profits is not the only goal that the organization is looking for. Nowadays getting employees loyalty is anoth er important challenge that organization want to achieve to success in the business. In order to do that employer should satisfy their employees. This satisfaction is most often obtained by coming to the realization that all employees have a life outside of work that is just as important, if less, than their career. Pleasing every employee is a difficult task but most of the prosperous organization accomplished that task by incorporating work-life balance into their organization. iodin research indicated that employees are satisfied when the policies of work life balance are in consonance to their needs. Some of the individuals needs are sick leaves, lunch bang ups, vacations leaves, pleasant amount of time with family and friends etc. Therefore there is a need for the organizations to develop a work-life policy that respects customer, individual and organizational needs. Same set of WLB facilities available at the organizations will service the management of the organizations to retain their employees with higher satisfaction levels. One important fact that organization should clearly defined the concept of work life balance to the employees so that they can balance their life.Some major policies of WLB all over the worldLong hours and overworked employees is the main problem in the organization. So in order to prevent that there are certain policies (flexible work practice) positive by the organization-Hiring two employees to fill one job this practices known as job sharing. Job sharing means works by dividing work time vacations, benefits, and pay between two workers.It is now becoming standard practice for an employer to offer their employees flexible hours. Working hours are predetermined during the hiring process and employees are allowed to pick hours that they work each week.Working at home is another alternative work arrangement that enables more employees to be at home with their family.Provided aesculapian leave programs to employees. This pr ogram enables the employee to take time off from work if they or one of their family members becomes injured or ill.Provided vacation leaves for some period of time if employees line up that they are not giving proper time to their families.For parents the most popular way that work-life balance is brought into the workplace is through onsite childcare. It is located at the same construct which allows parents to visit whenever they want to.Provide part time work arrangement for those who want to work for fewer hours.Affects of flexible work practiceStudies have indicated that introducing flexible work practices has a number of advantages for employers, such as an improved ability to attract existing employees as well as people not forwards long in the workforce. Research has shown the provision of flexible work practices (that help workers achieve work-life balance) positively impactRecruitment and selectionReduced stress and working environmentJob satisfactionemployee moraleLab our turnoverMotivation and productivityAbsenteeismReturn on training investment and staff loyaltyFinding organization that values Work-Life BalanceThere are number of things that an employee must take into account before want an organization where he wants to work. Employee should determine before get together the organization that whether they value the work-life balance or not. The two most common ways to gather information on a particular organization is before you being the application process or during the interview. While interviewing there are many individual who may ask an employer if they believe in the balance of work and life. This is a best way to get an answer to your questions, but it should also work to your demerits. Some employers, especially those who have not adopted the popular WLB theory, are likely to feel that you will not be a good job candidate. If you really want to know about the employer feeling on work-life balance then asks him directly in the middle or end of the interview. This shall make it appear as if that is not the only reason why you are seeking employment with them. In addition, to sharing the same values, most of companies want to hear that you have faith in their products being sold or services being offered.To determine if a company you are interested in applying to shares this concept you can ask about family checkup leave, job sharing, alternative work arrangements, and onsite childcare. for each one features are typically found in a workplace that values life and family just as much as it does work.LITERATURE REVIEWEmployee work satisfaction and work life balance in Pakistani perspectiveAs the wave of globalization captured the Pakistani markets the job became more demanding and the working hours also increases. The fast pace economical development in the country has demanded more efforts from its employees. Now organizations in Pakistan are paying off good salary packages, payment and benefits but the nature o f the work is more demanding. The work related stress, work pressure, long working hours leads to job dissatisfaction which is one of the main hinder in the factors related to work/family interferencesThe researchers made their efforts to highlight the issues of job satisfaction and work life balance in one of the developing countries, Pakistan. From the Pakistan perspective the researchers identified that the employee is said to be satisfied from his/her work when he/she feels comfort while working in the organization. Whereas work life balance means that an employee is comfortably accomplishing his/her work and non work responsibilities.Nadeem and Abbas (2009) well-tried a relationship of work life conflict and job satisfaction in a specimen of Pakistani employees and revealed a negative relationship of the variables and suggested that the accessory management can be a medicine to minimize the conflict and enhance satisfaction among employees. However, the correlation of worklo ad is positive and in operative which shows that workload does not affect the job satisfaction of the employees in Pakistan.One of the researchers while examining the impact of rewards and recognition on job satisfaction and motivation of in a sample of Pakistani sample employees defines employee work satisfaction (job satisfaction) as a pleasurable positive emotional state as a result of work judgment from ones job experiences (Gruneberg, 1979 Danish Usman, 2010).Malik, Zaheer, Khan and Ahmad, (2010) examined a relationship of work life balance/ work life conflict and job satisfaction in a sample of MBBS doctors in Pakistan and revealed no significant effect of work life balance on job satisfaction.Another research (ijcrb.webs.com) examines the relationship of employee work satisfaction and work life balance practices in Pakistan. A sample of 450 are gathered via stratified sampling from the two big organization operating in Pakistan i.e Pakistan telecommunication limited (PTCL) and Habib bank limited (HBL) . The results of this study show no significant difference with respect to employee work satisfaction and work life balance at all the management levels .Moreover, the result of regression analysis poses a strengthened positive relationship between the variables which means employee satisfaction has a strong impact on work life balance. The data which collected in this study clearly indicated that HBL provide more work-life facilities than the PTCL by ensuring better education facilities, child facilities, social support, flexi time facilities and more sick and education leaves. It means that HBL has the policies related to their people that support the concept of work-life balance.After going through several studies it is manifest that the term work life balance has been defined in different by different authors.SurveyWe conduct a survey of Pakistan Steel move to identify that whether organization has HR policies in respect of work life balance and w hether it is rightly implemented in the workplace. We taken interview of Mr. Iftikahr A. Barakzai , General motorbus (MTC and human recourse department) and ask questions about HR polices related to work life balance that exist in Pak Steel Mills. We also distribute questionnaire to 40 employees of different department.HR Polices in respect of WLBWeekly hoursNo employee shall be allowed or necessitate to work in a mill about for more than xlv hours in any week.Provided that an employee worker in mills engaged in work which for technical reasons must be continuous throughout the day may work for forty-eight hours in any week.Weekly holidayNo employee worker shall be allowed or required to work in a mills on a Saturday and Sunday.Compensatory holidaysEvery employee should be allowed for a compensatory holidays, If worker works on Saturday and Sunday.Daily hoursTechnical worker shall not be allowed or required to work in a mills for more than 12 hours in any day.Non-technical worker shall not be allowed or required to work in a mills for more than 9 hours in any day.Intervals for restThe periods of work of employee workers in mills during each day shall be fixed either Each non-technical worker gets 45 min. launch and namaz break and two 15 min. tea break.Each technical worker gets two 45 min. launch and namaz break and two 15 min. tea break.Annual holidaysEvery worker who has completed a period of twelve months continuous service in mills shall be allowed, during the subsequent period of twelve months holidays for a period of thirty three consecutive days, inclusive of the day or days, if any, on which he is entitled to a holiday.Casual leaveEvery employee shall be entitled to casual leave with full pay for twenty days in a year.Sick leaveEvery employee shall be entitled to ten days sick leave on pay in a year.Gazetted holidaysEvery employee should get leave of 14 aug, 23 march, 25dec, 1 may, 9 nov, 11 sep, 5 feb.Festival HolidaysEvery employee shall be allo wed holidays with pay on all days declared by the federal Government to be festival holidays, e.g. (EID-UL-AZHA).Transportation facilityAll employees shall be facilitating with free transportation.Health programsEach worker can get free medical facilities and also for his or her family.QuestionnaireWe distribute questionnaire to 40 employees to different department to determine the work life balance affect on employee satisfaction. Our findings areApply correlativityInterpretationAfter applying correlation analysis in spss and considering work life balance as our objective variable we determined that there is no significant relation between Work-life balance and job satisfaction, working hours working days. It means that job satisfaction have no affect on the work life balance.ConclusionThe results of the current study are based on the sample of 40 employees of different department of Pakistan steel mills. The result shows no significant relation are found in employee job satisfa ction and work life balance.The study that we conducted in steel mills also determine that organization has certain policies which support individual to balance their life but there is no separate policy related to work life balance that exist in the organization and it is not properly defined to the employees. So there is needed to develop the concept of separate work life balance policies that will help the organization to retain the employees within the organization with higher job satisfaction level.The studies conducted so far in Pakistani organizational environment are futile to highlight the work life balance and work life balance practices in concrete terms except for some big organization like unilever,PG who has a separate well defined policies related to work life balance. So there is needed to make this concept clearly examine its effect on other human and organizational factors.

The Traffic Congestion Problem In Toronto

The Traffic Congestion Problem In TorontoTraffic congestion is a caper which stages many huge cities near the world. Many cities face the problem of merchandise gridlocks especially during rush hour periods when employees be rushing to or from work. In Toronto, this is a major problem which threatens the long term scotch growth of Canada mainly due to economic losses attributed to the congestion. In pairing America, Toronto is the fourth most congested city after San Francisco, Chicago and Los Angeles. Toronto was actually class-conscious last among cities in trades union America based on the average time employees spent commuting per day, which was eighty minutes. This rating is worse considering that it involved sound judgment of all transport forms and non only automobiles. In addition, only 30% of car owners in Toronto leave vehicles at home, which add to the congestion (Steve 2010).This congestion has an uncomely cost to the economy especially due to idle time by e mployees, fuel wastage during profession jams or deepness in deliveries. These be add up to over $2 billion each year which is a great concern to any economy. In addition to these economic losses, there be other repercussions of merchandise congestion including surroundal pollution, which translates to millions of dollars in health c ar cost to affected large number. It is grievous to understand reasons behind trading congestion in Toronto in gild to recrudesce effective solutions to this problem. This report card entrust evaluate the relations congestion in Toronto, assess the possible reasons for the problem and advance viable solutions which go away help destruction the traffic problem in the city. The discussed issues give be summarized at the end.Traffic congestion in TorontoAs has been discussed, Toronto is the most congested city in North America judging by the transport delays experienced by residents. Traffic congestion is experienced when traffic volume is generally higher than the available itinerary capacities. This is alike known as saturation and it is simply a situation where demand for roads is greater than the supply. Generally, ca maps of traffic congestion atomic number 18 categorized into deuce recurring and non-recurring causes. Recurring causes of traffic congestion are ca employ by traffic issues which recur such as ineffective management of capacity, unrestrained demand and scant(predicate) capacity. Non-recurring causes are those which occur due to unique circumstances which are not normally experienced. These include work zones, car accidents, bad weather, disabled vehicles and emergencies. For purposes of this paper, the recurring causes of traffic congestion will be addressed since this forms the major part of congestion of traffic in Toronto.Key reasons for increase in congestionThere are several reasons which have played a role in increasing traffic congestion in Toronto. roughly of the causes of recurring traffic congestion in Toronto will be briefly discussed belowIncreased automobile useThe increase in use of automobiles is one of the major causes of traffic congestion around the world. As has been discussed, Toronto is the most congested city in North America with over 70% of automobile owners driving to work. In addition, pedestrians and bicycles also compete for the moderate road resource. This causes a strain on roads and contributes heavily to the congestion experienced in Toronto (Halberstam 14-17). Many automobiles carry one or two passengers as opposed to public transport where several people are transported by buses. This also increases congestion since more private vehicles are used to ferry genuinely few passengers amidst various locations. The increase in automobile use also has adverse personal effects on the environment since there is more pollution from automobiles. Idle time experienced by automobiles as a result of traffic jams also increases pollution by automo biles. This pollution not only harms the environment but also causes respiratory infections and illnesses to humans which translate to a huge cost to the economy.Poor planningEvery organisation planning department or ministry is tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that the population growth matches available resources to reduce strain. It is therefore the responsibility of the government to ensure that resources such as roads are well plotted and developed to cater for the population growth. However, the Canadian government has performed poorly in developing roads which cater for the large population in the country (Conrad Finkel 55-58). For instance, some(a) experts have pointed out that on some roads, bike lanes have been placed in poor locations. These lanes have not been connected to other routes, which is wastage of space and money. In addition, some bike lanes have been placed in thoroughfares which are major and in addition to contributing to the congestion, commona litying and stopping spaces are drastically reduced. Some pedestrian crossings have been placed in dangerous locations where they cause a reduction in traffic flow as opposed to easing traffic. give in implementation of lawsThere is a notable inconsistency in implementation of the law which regulates traffic. It is unclear whether this is done intentionally but experts have goddamn it on ignorance and corruption. Parking and traffic laws are generally not evenly applied for all types of vehicles. In addition, many beat backists who commit traffic offenses are not dealt with in a harsh manner in crop to act as a deterrent to other motorists. This creates a situation where motorists are coarse of traffic laws, which further complicates the problem of congestion.Effects of traffic congestion in TorontoThere are various effects of traffic congestion in Toronto and these will be discussed belowPollutionDue to the increase in the number of automobiles in use in Toronto, the city has e xperiences high pollution levels than many cities in North America. Toronto is one of the most congested cities in North America and pollution levels are high due to high automobile usage. Many automobiles used emit high levels of carbon monoxide and other gases which harm the environment and the health of the public (Lerner Wilmoth 74-81). Over 1500 people die annually in Toronto due to diseases which are related to environmental pollution. In addition, over 6000 people are admitted to hospitals in Toronto annually due to complications related to pollution and motor vehicle usage is a large contributor to this problem (Ruddiman 81-87). Pollution due to increase in automobile use is therefore a major problem which causes economic costs to Toronto by damage to the environment and adverse effects on the health of residents. Traffic congestion also results in idling of automobiles which leads to more pollution on the environment.Idle time and opportunity costsA lot of time is spent b y workers in Toronto commuting to and from their place of work. Toronto was ranked last in terms of commuting time spent by employees when using different forms of transport and this was seen to be an average of eighty minutes. This is a lot of time since workers kick the bucket over an hour commuting daily to and from their place of employment. The costs of this idle time to the economy have been estimated to be over $2 billion annually (Roess et. al. 34-37). These are opportunity costs which would have brought even greater value to the economy. In addition to idle time by employees, there are the costs of fuel used during traffic by the many automobiles which use the roads. Such costs also process into the billions as vehicles burn fuel in traffic each day. These costs experienced due to idle time are opportunity costs which would have been used for development purposes and development of infrastructure by the Canadian government.DelaysTraffic jams usually lead to delay for eith er employees to reach their work stations or for products to be delivered on time. It also makes employees be late for meetings, flights or other opportunities which further their career. Delays whitethorn have a negative impact on individuals, the government or businesses at large. When individuals get delayed, they may strike down certain opportunities which may result in earning lower disposable incomes which adversely affects their families. When there are delays, businesses suffer from lower sales due to delays in supplies or other factors. When delays occur, the government may also earn lower revenue due to lower tax received from decline in opportunities associated with the delay. Delays should therefore be avoided since they have negative effects to the society at large. This can only be achieved if viable solutions to the problem of transport congestion are implemented.Barriers to emergency functionWhen there are traffic delays, it becomes difficult for emergency services to reach people in need. Emergency vehicles usually find it difficult to navigate through Toronto due to the problem of traffic congestion. Ambulances and fire trucks usually take longer than necessary to reach their destinations due to traffic congestion. This is very dangerous for Canadians since many people may continue losing lives due to delays in emergency service provision. It is imperative that urgent solutions to the problem of traffic congestion in Toronto are developed in order to ensure residents have access to fast emergency services.Viable solutions to the problemThere are several solutions which will help reduce traffic congestion in Toronto and these will be discussed belowEncouraging commuters to use public transportIt has been discussed that one of the reasons why there is traffic congestion in Toronto is that over 70% of automobile owners use their cars as opposed to public transport. Since private cars mostly carry one or two people, there are very many private cars which are needed to transport employees to and from work. These private cars cause congestion in roads due to their large numbers. In order to ease congestion, public transport should be encouraged since it involves transporting many people at the same time hence easing traffic congestion. Trains and public buses carry hundreds of people simultaneously which reduces the number of private cars on roads. The government should discourage the use of private cars especially within the city through making it expensive to drive and park private cars within the city. Parking fees for private cars should be increased to discourage use of these vehicles within the city. This will encourage more people to travel by train or buses which will ease traffic on roads.Decongesting public transportAlthough public transport is very effective in reducing traffic congestion, it has to be effective to achieve this goal. The public transport dodging in Toronto faces certain weaknesses which contrib ute to the traffic congestion experienced in the city. Many thermionic valves including the Yonge subway is very crowded yet this is one of the most important subways in Canada. Although there is a plan to computerize control and signals system in order to enable a greater number of trains to run closer together, this plan will take some years to implement, which means that Canadians will continue set about transport congestion in the short run (Preville 2010). There are also problems with train capacity and speeds with commuters complaining some trains are too speechless and have low capacities. This is a problem which should be addressed by the government through increase in number, speeds and capacities of transport trains.Decentralizing businesses from the Greater Toronto fieldThere are very many businesses which are present in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). As a result, many employees commute from suburbs into the GTA each day. The large number of people who commute to the GTA is one of the major reasons why there is traffic congestion. In order to reduce congestion, it is important for the government to encourage rangeors to invest in suburbs or the outskirts of the city (Wallace 65-69). This is one of the most effective solutions to this problem since fewer people will travel to the GTA. When many businesses are decentralized and realised in suburbs and outskirts of Toronto, the traffic systems will face lower congestion due to the reduced number of users. In addition to benefits of decentralization to the transport system, decentralizing businesses will also ensure that there is balanced development in Toronto and Canada as a whole. This will raise the standards of living of people and reduce the gap between the poor and the rich.Investing in transport infrastructureIn order to cater for the growing population, the road infrastructure should match population growth. Since the transport system in Toronto is congested, it is important to invest in new and more effective transport infrastructure to ease the congestion. One of these types of infrastructure is investment in subways. Subways which run under major roads are very effective means of easing traffic congestion in most major cities. The government should cook up such subways and offer commuters a variety of choices to make when making transport decisions. Other infrastructures include billing systems which discourage the movement of private cars into the city. These billing systems may resemble that used in London where cameras monitor vehicles entering congested zones and require motorists to feed a certain sum of money. Motorists who do not pay receive very heavy fines. Such a billing system may be required to adjust the rates according to traffic movements. This will ensure that traffic congestion is eased in Toronto.Passing relevant transport legislationIn order to ensure motorists comply with changes which have been suggested in the paper, stronger legislation is required to ensure that private cars are discouraged from entering the city and that any traffic offenders receive harsh punishments. This will serve as deterrent to other offenders who are not keen to be part of the traffic decongestion efforts. For instance, in London, private cars entering congestion zones pay 8 pounds in fees. However, people who do not observe this rule pay a harsh fine of 120 pounds. There are cameras which records all registration plates of motor vehicles hence it is difficult not to comply with the rule. Toronto requires legislation and policies which support traffic decongestion to be passed in order to develop long term solutions to the problem of traffic congestion.Dialog with stakeholders in transport industryIn order for the government to ensure that changes required to the transport industry are effectively implemented, all stakeholders should be involved in the changes. The government should convene a meeting with stakeholders in public and private transport with the charter of developing long term solutions to the problem of traffic congestion (Quentin 16-22). These people may offer very effective solutions to this problem since they are the major road users. The general public will also be keen to follow changes and recommendations made to improve the transport sector once it is involved in developing solutions to the problem. Dialog with stakeholders will provide the government with an opportunity to listen to a variety of suggestions on how the transport problem can be resolved.Summary and conclusionVarious aspects of traffic congestion in Toronto have been analyzed in detail. It is clear that Toronto is facing a serious problem of traffic congestion since it is the most congested city in North America. Traffic congestion in Toronto costs over $ 2 billion annually and it is caused by a variety of factors. These factors are categorized into non-recurring and recurring factors. However, the paper focused on recurring facto rs which contribute to the largest proportion of traffic congestion in Canada. These include increased automobile use, poor planning and lapse in implementation of laws which govern traffic systems. This leads to the use of many private cars by employees who commute to work as opposed to use of public transport systems resulting in congestion. Traffic congestion in Toronto has various adverse effects including barriers to emergency services, delays, idle time and opportunity costs as well as pollution. These effects have adverse effects on the health, welfare and economic development of the society as whole. All stakeholders in society suffer either indirectly or directly from traffic congestion.There are several solutions which should be implemented to reduce traffic congestion in Toronto. These include encouraging commuters to use public transport, decongesting public transport, decentralizing businesses from the Greater Toronto Area, investing in transport infrastructure, passing relevant transport legislation and dialog with stakeholders in transport industry. These solutions aim at discouraging the use of private vehicles and increasing the effectiveness of public transport to increase the capacity and speeds needed to reduce congestion in Toronto. However, it is important to involve all relevant stakeholders when developing solutions to the transport congestion since as earlier discussed, these people may offer very effective solutions to this problem since they are the major road users. The general public will also be keen to follow changes made to improve the transport sector if it is involved in the change process. This will ensure that Toronto has one of the best transport systems not only in North America but across the world.

Magical Realism as a World View :: Magical Realism Literature

Magical Realism as a World ViewMagical Realism is the way in which a soul views the world through a type of art. Magical realism deals with emotions, and it also discovers what is mysterious and meaningful in life. According to Franz Roh, in painting, is the way a somebody views the world through art (18, 20). Magical Realism has many characteristics that include many other ideas. Magical Realism can be observed in other subject areas, too, such as the logotherapy of passe-partout Frankl.Simpkins mentioned that real life is the Real misrepresentation (152). He also said that realism is heightened by magic (148-152). However, Leal felt that Magical Realism focuses on the marvelous in the real (122). Amaryll Chanady feels that Magical Realism is focused more toward reality (131).In Victor Frankls novel Mans Search for Meaning, Frankl discusses finding this magic in life in what he calls will-to-meaning. Frankl, a twentieth century psychiatrist, states that life ultimately means win ning responsibility to find the right answer to its problems and to fulfill the tasks which it constantly sets for each individual (122). This concept is what he called will-to-meaning. Some forms of will-to-meaning are hunger, humiliation, fear, and deep anger at injustice (8). Some importance of will-to-meaning is that he had to find a sense of responsibility in his existence (9).One of the characteristics from will-to-meaning was finding responsibility. In the story exchangeable Water for Chocolate, a magical realist story, a girl named Tita found her circumstances so awful that she found the meaning in her cooking and gave responsibility for life. She was ever getting her heart broken because she loved a man named Pedro and could not be with him. Therefore, she learned to have a responsibility for cooking. She could have rebelled and left, but she knew that she had a responsibility to cook for her family and the man whom she loved. Tita found magic in her circumstances and vie wed the mundane as beautiful helping her to live successfully in these indefinable circumstances.Magical Realism can be observed in other subject areas, too, such as the logotherapy of Victor Frankl. Finding examples in other real-world palm of study helps in understanding Magical Realism as a

Architecture, Principle, and Culture: The Universal Value for Which Sta

Stanford University is a private research university located in Stanford, CA at geographical coordinates 37.43 N, 122.17 W. Erected in 1891 in storehouse of the founders son, Leland Stanford Junior, The Stanford University campus combines Romanesque, neoclassic and Mission Revival architectural styles on its buildings, with red tile roofs, sandstone walls, and beautiful aesthetic decorative details. Its architectural landmarks, for example, the Main Quad and Memorial Church, ar representative of many eras of culture and technological advancement in the United States. Its physical and symbolic aspects make it a universally valuable site analogous no other.Stanford University is a site of outstanding universal value because of its architecture, which is representative of many eras of historic technological innovation physically as well as symbolically. Stanfords Main Quad is a brilliant exhibit of architecture that reveals influences from important eras in European architecture yet maintains a Romanesque, mission revival meeting theme that is also prevalent throughout campus. In addition to this, Stanford maintains a commitment to academic advancement and excellence. A place of such physical and intellect prowess merits outstanding universal value. The campus meets criteria (i), (ii), and (iv) its architecture is representative of creative mankind genius, is a testimony to the cultural tradition of the United States, and illustrates significant states in human history in the United States, while its intangible aspects exhibits an interchange of human values over the span of more than a century. Both its authenticity and equity are attributed to the fact that the campus maintains a culture representative of the entire World. Stanford is... ...f sites such as these, we may lose the opportunity for preservation altogether in the future. We need to preserve the Stanford campus now in order to protect the legacy for which it stands.Works Cited Canterbury Cath edral, St Augustines Abbey, and St Martins Church. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. UNESCO. Web. 31 Jan. 2012. . The Founding Grant with Amendments, Legislation, and Court Decrees. Stanford, Calif. Stanford University, 1971. Web. . Joncas, Richard, David J. Neuman, and Paul Venable. Turner. Stanford University. radical York Princeton Architectural, 2006. Print. Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. UNESCO. Web. 31 Jan. 2012. .