Consider Atwood’s portrayal of religion in Gilead Essay

All around us we see evidence of the way in which belief is institutionalised and abused. Consider Atwood’s portrayal of religion in Gilead Many modern day beliefs have been used as excuses for war, or as a way of suppressing groups of people. In ‘The Handmaid’s tale’ Atwood has taken abuse of belief and religion to the extreme, using it to create a worrying futuristic dystopia where all laws are based on extracts from the bible and the texts have been twisted to suit the more powerful members of society. It is impossible for handmaids, or many other members of Gilead to check the authenticity of the extracts that rule their life as they are forbidden from reading and the bible is kept locked up. In ‘The Handmaid’s tale’ free will is nothing more than a memory, different Christian branches are at war with each other. The bible is used to justify the regimes and practises of Gilead and sexuality has been suppressed into something shameful and dangerous. Chapter two offers the reader their first decent example of how religion is used within the society of Gilead. It is in the simple use of a name that Atwood is able to immediately establish a link between her dystopia and the bible. ‘Her usual Martha’s dress’. In the bible Martha is the sister of Mary who would devote herself to the housework while Mary went to hear Jesus speak. Marthas in ‘The Handmaids Tale’ are unmarried, infertile women who are expected to perform household duties for the high-ranking members of Gilead. This is the first time the reader is given an example of rank based on religion with Gilead, the reader is made aware of Handmaids and of the Commander earlier in the book but this is the first obvious biblical reference. Martha is not important in the bible, but the powers of Gilead has taken her role and expanded it so that they can justify having slaves within their society. This early example gives the reader an impression of what sort of society Gilead is and what they can expect further into the book as far as rank and religion are concerned. In Chapter eleven Offred is offered the opportunity to get pregnant by the doctor. Offred is worried about being caught having sex with someone who wasn’t the commander. Offred considers the doctors offer, she knows it is a risk ‘but they have to catch you in the act, with two witnesses. ‘ This method of convicting people is taken from Deuteronomy 17:6 ‘At the mouth of two witnesses†¦ shall he that is to die be put to death. ‘ The bible reference is saying that nobody can be convicted when it is just their word against someone else’s, this must be the same way people in Gilead practise law. Unfortunately it would be very easy for two people to get together and agree on the same story if they wanted to frame someone. It also further removes individuality and freethinking, people are already expected to travel in groups of at least two and the suggestion is that one person’s opinion is useless unless supported by someone else. It also makes things very difficult for handmaid’s who are often required to be on their own with the commander’s wife and if there aren’t any witnesses present then there is no crime and the handmaids are left in a very vulnerable position. Television in Gilead is censored, like everything else. It is clear that this society functions by keeping people ve for as long as possible, if they can’t read and their only visual entertainment in censored to suit the ideals of Gilead then they cannot really form their own opinions and would be entirely dependant on what others told them. However the information that comes from the television tells the reader about battles Gilead is involved in. The odd thing about the battles is that they are taking place with different branches of the same religion. ‘Angels of the Apocalypse†¦ are smoking out a pocket of Baptist guerrillas’. ‘Five members of the heretical sect of Quakers have been arrested’. It is possible to read more into the news reports than meets the eye. The Baptists are relying on guerrilla warfare that is commonly the form of warfare used by under-developed countries that aren’t looking for war. There is also a fair amount of irony in the sense that the report claims that the Quakers are heretical or sacrilegious when the reader knows that the society of Gilead is based on sacrilege. This may suggest that Gilead is fighting these other branches of Christianity to stop them from demonstrating to the world, and more importantly to the people of Gilead that their society is based on twisted truths.

Traveling to a Retreat

Traveling to a Retreat When I found the announcement for a weekend writing retreat in Scotland in the British online Writing Magazine, I began to think how I could take a writing course in real life, not only online- and also make my dream of visiting Scotland come true. With two months lead time, I sent in the online application to Helen Walters, an English short-story writer now established in a village in the highlands of Scotland.   The answer was positive!   The October workshop would include three nights and all meals with sessions from Friday to Sunday evening, for the equivalent of $345. Each participant sent in a short story under 2,000 words ahead of their arrival, which would be critiqued one-on-one When I wrote my Scottish friend Madge to see if I could visit her the week after the workshop, she invited me for five days following the retreat. Doubly motivated, given that I’d be financing my own trip entirely, I got an early-bird fare for a return flight from where I live (in the country of Georgia) for approximately $400, so my total basic expenses would amount to $745 for a week including the retreat and an authentic visit to Scotland! Helen’s home in the Highlands has been turned into a retreat on the Black Isle, and is shared with her husband, crime writer Mike Walters who was the skilled cook for our group. When I arrived and entered the cozy living room, the other participants were already relaxing, glass in hand. My accent quickly gave me away and one woman exclaimed, â€Å"You came all this way?† However, the workshop showed we had all come for most of the same reasons. My own goal was to learn about which markets are likely to buy the kind of short stories I like to write, but I discovered much more. Helen is an outgoing and encouraging teacher - we spent group sessions sharing how we get story ideas (great fun exercises!); turning ideas into stories; creating characters (just a few are needed in short stories); as well as rhythm, theme and the mood of the narrative. During the planned sessions we faced common challenges like finishing a story (it seems this is a frequent predicament), PoV, flashback and setting. We had plenty of time for writing alone too. Helen expertly pointed out which markets are more likely to take an interest in our work. For example women’s magazines tend to like upbeat and positive themes, while anthologies might be interested in the â€Å"darker† stories some of the participants preferred writing. My visit to Scotland brought many experiences, ideas and more- it helped me create a much more vibrant relationship with my writing. I realize I don’t have to remain glued to any PoV, setting or style. This experience opened Pandora’s box – I am re-writing a short story with more humor in the twist, and already have two more ideas.   For other writers I recommend looking up retreats offered at reasonable prices, in places you would like to visit. Your sharpened senses will begin to pick out new details for stories around you in the new settings- for me it was the elderly man in the shab https://www.solusorwritingretreat.co.uk/ email: helen@helenmwalters.co.uk

Peal Harbor essays

Peal Harbor essays The tragic events that took place on December 7, 1941, is a story that is in American History books everywhere. It is the date of the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese just before America entered World War II. In this paper, I will describe the events that eventually lead to Pearl Harbor, the attack itself, and the outcome of the attack. Before the attack, American Officials were becoming concerned about the rising power in the Far East. Because of this, the United States invited Great Britain, France, Japan and other nations to a conference in Washington, DC, that began on November of 1921, and ended February of 1922. In this meeting, each nation attending agreed to respect each others rights with regard to the possessions in the Pacific Ocean. Also, they agreed to guarantee Chinas independence and territorial integrity. There were military agreements as well, each nation having a limit put on their Navy according to size. In a solution worked out, Japan could have three ships for every five American ships, and every five British ships. To Japan, this seemed they had the smaller Navy, and the walked away feeling slighted, but in reality, they had Naval supremacy. America and Britain had ships scattered around the world, but Japan had ships mainly in the Pacific, so even though it seemed like they had gotten the raw end of the deal, they actually With the crash of the Stock Market in 1929, the United States wanted to focus solely on their problems and how to fix them. With that, they became increasingly isolated from Japan, and with the Japanese invading Manchuro, and the rise of Adolf Hitler in 1933, the US saw this as a crumbling world order, and wanted to take no part of it In 1936, the Japanese announced that they could no longer abide by the military agreements of 1922. It was somewhat obvious that Japan wanted to expand their empire, and wou...

How Often To Post On Social Media According To 14 Studies

How Often To Post On Social Media According To 14 Studies Posting once  on social media every day will get you some engagement, shares, and traffic. Sure. But wouldnt scheduling two social media messages a day get you even bigger results? What about three? And  if you shared more messages every day to every social network, wouldnt that also get you even more results? How Often To Post On #SocialMedia? (Proven Research From 14 Studies)Lets just pause for a second because this is probably how youre feeling  right now: Those kind of questions bring you down the rabbit hole with the real question being this: How often to post on social media? As it turns out,  several studies have sought to answer that exact question, all with varying data. So we decided to compile the best of the best for you so you no longer have to think  about how often to post on social media while still getting all of the benefits of increased awareness, engagement, shares, and traffic. ...But First:  Set It  And Forget It With ReQueue  And Best Time Scheduling  In Your Favorite  Social Media  Calendar You don't even have to read this blog post. ReQueue is the magical social media schedule that fills itself. The more messages you add, the more gaps can intelligently fill for you. Keep your social schedule consistent and promote your best content MORE (and better) than ever before (without all the tedious work). For example, let's say you want to tweet 15 times a day  to your Twitter handle.  But you only have 5 tweets scheduled for today. When you add tweets to ReQueue, will intelligently  fill in the gaps with 10 additional tweets to hit your daily social media sharing frequency goal. That means you can set it and forget it with ReQueue. ReQueue automagically fills in  the gaps in your #SocialMedia posting schedule!With ReQueue, you can automatically reuse your best social messages and let intelligently: Fill your daily social schedule Keep it consistent Fill the gaps in your social schedule Keep your content front of mind with your audience Then, Best Time Scheduling takes all of those posts and schedules them at the right time to get the maximum number of eyeballs on your content. You don't even have to think about it. This is going to revolutionize the way you manage social media. ;) OK, now let's answer that question behind  how often to post on all of your social networks: About The 14 Social Media Frequency Studies... There's a lot of advice out there. So I've found the best data-driven information I could find to answer the question of how often to post on social media. I'll be referencing these sources throughout this post as a way to answer the posting frequency question for each specific social network: The social rules of Pinterest from  Ahalogy Research and tips compiled by  Buffer How often to post on social media by  Constant Contact Research and experience of optimum level of posting on social media from  DowSocial Industry benchmarks from  HubSpot The posting plan from  Localvox Expert Pinterest tips and data from  Michelle MacPhearson Suggested minimum and maxium number of times to post on social media per week from  Nulou Compiled research from  Quick Sprout Researched posting frequencies from  Mari Smith Insights from Neil Patel from Forbes General findings from Social Media Week Jay Baer's thoughts and insights from Convince And Convert Collected research from Adobe Each of the following sections will answer the posting frequency question, and includes  information on the best times to post on each network along with recommended amounts of social media content curation for each network. All of these suggestions are  based on deep research we've done for this post, along with these two: What 20 Studies Say About The Best Times To Post On Social Media How To Schedule Your Social Media Content Curation For Massive Growth Here we go. How Often Should A Business Post On Facebook? Answer: High: 2 posts per  day Low: 1 post per  day Recommended: 1 post per day Factor in the best times to post on Facebook: Post #1: 1–4 p.m. Factor in curation: Curate  or reshare a post every other day Ahalogy suggests that posting to Facebook no more than once a day is best or you'll start to feel spammy. Buffer says you can post to Facebook twice a day before likes and comments drop off. Constant Contact says to post on Facebook a minimum of three times per week while keeping your maximum posting frequency to 10 times per week. DowSocial says two Facebook posts per day  as a minimum works well for increasing your reach. They also suggest that sharing fewer posts and then promoting them is the best way they've seen to increase their engagement. Post to #Facebook once a day between 1–4 p.m.HubSpot's benchmarks suggest to post to Facebook a minimum of three times a week. They say to set your maximum number of Facebook posts to  10 times per week. LocalVox likes to post  once a day  to Facebook as a maximum while three times a week is their  suggested minimum. Nulou suggests  to post a minimum of three times a week to maintain your consistency while keeping your maximum number of Facebook posts to no more than 10 a week. Quick Sprout found that  Facebook pages with smaller amounts of followers should post about 16–30 times a month, or roughly  once every day or two. If you have a bigger fan base, Neil Patel suggests posting at least 31 times a month, which he says is about once or twice a day. Mari Smith recommends  5–6 Facebook posts per week. And some good advice: Skip weekdays if you have to, but not weekend days since Facebook users tend to be active on the weekends and in the evenings. Social Media Week recommends posting 5-10 times a week. That evens out to around one or two posts per business day. Adobe suggests posting 6-11 times per week. That's fairly consistent with what other studies suggest. Neil Patel makes another interesting point in his Forbes piece. If you have less than 10,000 followers, he says, you may want to post just once a day. That's because doubling your frequency may half your total clicks. Following his advice, wait until you have a bigger audience before increasing your schedule to twice a day. Recommended Reading: Facebook Marketing Strategy: Why You Need One (And How To Build It) How To Tell If Your Facebook Posting Frequency  Is Working Facebook has a handy analytics tool called Insights. Simply log in to your Facebook Business Page, click on Insights, and select Posts. From here, you can check out your posts' performance individually to see  when your engagement increases or decreases depending on how frequently you post. How Many Tweets Per Day For Business? Answer: High: 51 tweets per day Low: 1 tweet per day Recommended: 15 tweets per day Factor in the best times to tweet: Tweet #1: 2 a.m. Tweet #2: 3 a.m. Tweet #3: 6 a.m. Tweet #4: 7 a.m. Tweet #5: 9 a.m. Tweet #6: 10 a.m. Tweet #7: 11 a.m. Tweet #8:  12 p.m. Tweet #9:  1 p.m. Tweet #10:  2 p.m. Tweet #11:  3 p.m. Tweet #12:  5 p.m. Tweet #13: 6 p.m. Tweet #14:  9 p.m. Tweet #15:  10 p.m. Factor in curation: Retweet or curate about seven tweets a day Buffer says three tweets a day is the most you should share before engagement starts to drop off. Constant Contact recommends a minimum of five tweets per day while suggesting there is no maximum. DowSocial suggests tweeting  a minimum of six tweets per  day, and to do it daily. Since Twitter is a fast-paced network, they say that tweeting  about once an hour during business hours is a good guideline, coupled with engagement tweets. How many tweets should you send in one day? Data says 15...HubSpot's data is broken down by industry, which is an interesting thought. So industry voided, HubSpot suggests tweeting a minimum of five tweets  per day, while suggesting there is no daily maximum. LocalVox recommends tweeting a maximum of five tweets per  day while maintaining a minimum of five tweets a week. Nulou says to  tweet at least five times a week with no maximum. Quick Sprout found that the most retweets happen within an hour after tweeting, so a higher daily frequency is best. Start by tweeting 5–20 times every day. Writing for Forbes, Neil Patel suggests tweet frequency should be tied to your goals. If you want maximum engagement per tweet, aim for 1-5 tweets per day. However, if you want more total responses to your tweets overall, 50 tweets or more are acceptable. Mari Smith's sweet spot is between 6–7 tweets per day on weekdays, and 3–4 tweets a day on weekends. Abobe recommends just 3 tweets per day. For larger enterprises and major brands, this less is more approach may be the way to go. Social Media Week offers up a similar suggestion, stating that 3-5 tweets per day is the sweet spot. Recommended Reading: 15 Tactics To Boost Twitter Engagement Backed By Research How To Tell If Your Tweeting Frequency Is Working Twitter has a handy analytics feature to help you see which days are getting the most engagement. When you know how many tweets you've shared on certain days, you can easily correlate your frequency to engagement. Just log in to Twitter Analytics, navigate to Tweets, and check out the bar graph of dates coupled with the number of tweets that went out on those dates below. Hover on a bar for any specific date, and you'll see the number of tweets you shared that day. How Many Times To Pin On Pinterest Per Day? Answer: High: 30 Pins per day Low: 3 Pins per day Recommended: 11 Pins per day Factor in the best times to Pin: Pin #1: 2 a.m. Pin #2: 3 a.m. Pin #3: 4 a.m. Pin #4: 1 p.m. Pin #5: 2 p.m. Pin #6: 3 p.m. Pin #7: 4 p.m. Pin #8: 8 p.m. Pin #9: 9 p.m. Pin #10: 10 p.m. Pin #11: 11 p.m. Factor in curation: Repin or curate at least five pieces of content from others per day Some suggest sharing 80% of your Pins  from other  sources that your own blog, which would be about nine Pins out of your 11 Ahalogy sees the best results with 15–30 Pins per day  when spread out throughout the day. Buffer says the top brands have experience a ton of growth by Pinning more frequently. The magic number? Pin five times a day on Pinterest. Constant Contact says Pinning at least five times a day is a good minimum, while Pinning 10 times per day should be the most you Pin. Pin to #Pinterest 11 times per day.DowSocial suggests  Pinning  a minimum of three times per day to Pinterest.  Sharing regularly, and curating others' content in your frequency mix, will help build engagement. Michelle MacPhearson says that 20–30 Pins per day is the sweet spot for visibility on Pinterest. Nulou recommends Pinning at least five times per day while keeping 10 Pins a day as your maximum. Quick Sprout agrees with Buffer, suggesting the best Pinning frequency is five Pins a day. Like Quick Sprout, Mari Smith suggests  the advice from Buffer to Pin five times per day. Adobe says "Pinterest users love lots of content," and recommends 4-10 Pins per day. Recommended Reading: The Ultimate Guide On How To Use Pinterest For Marketing How To Tell If Your Pinterest Pinning Frequency Is Working Pinterest has a  revealing analytics feature that helps you understand how your Pins are performing on a daily basis. Simply cruise to Pinterest Analytics and select the Profile option. Check out your Impressions to understand how your Pins performed on certain days of the week. You can also  export the data into a spreadsheet to read this like a true data nerd. How Often To Post On LinkedIn For Business? Answer: High: 1 post per day Low: 0  posts per day Recommended: 1 post per day Factor in the best times to post on LinkedIn: Post #1: 1o–11 a.m. Factor in curation: Curate or reshare a post every other day Buffer says 20 posts a month or posting once a day helps you reach 60% of your followers on LinkedIn. Constant Contact recommends posting on LinkedIn at least two times per week. Post a maximum of five times per week. DowSocial recommends sharing daily to LinkedIn, but doesn't provide a  solid number. They suggest that daily shares keep your followers in the loop, but not overwhelmed. Post to #LinkedIn once a day between 1o–11 a.m.HubSpot's benchmarks  recommend posting at least twice a week on LinkedIn, while your maximum posting frequency should be no more than five posts per  week. LocalVox says that once a day should be the most you share to LinkedIn. Post at least once a week to remain active. Nulou says to post to LinkedIn a minimum of two times a week to maintain consistency while five times a week should be your maximum number of posts. Quick Sprout cited LinkedIn's own recommendations for an ideal posting frequency of 20 times a month, which is about once every business day. Recommended Reading: Social Media Skills You Need To Have In 2017 How To Tell If Your LinkedIn Posting Frequency Is Working LinkedIn has  a sparse analytics feature that will help you see the engagement each of your messages attracts. You can use that as a starting point when you test your frequency to see how posting more or less impacts your engagement. Just navigate to  your Business Profile and select the Analytics tab to start your analysis. What Is The Ideal Google+ Posting Frequency? Answer: High: 3 posts per day Low: 0 posts per day Recommended: 2 posts per day Factor in the best times to post on Google+: Post #1: 9–11 a.m. Post #2 12–1 p.m. Factor in curation: Curate or reshare one post every day Buffer recommends posting consistently is the best approach for Google+, with three posts a day being the sweet spot. Constant Contact says to share on Google+ a minimum of three times a week while 10 times per week should be your maximum. DowSocial  likes to share to Google+ at least three times per day. Google+ shares can show in search results for your Google+ followers, so  sharing fresh content often can help  you get in front of more eyeballs. HubSpot found that  you should post to LinkedIn at least three times a week while posting 10 times should be your maximum. Post to #Google+ twice  a day at 9 a.m. and 12 p.m.  LocalVox suggests posting once a day to Google+ should be your maximum. Post at least three times a week. Nulou says to share a minimum of three times per week on Google+. Keep your maximum to 10 times a week. Quick Sprout  agrees with Buffer that the ideal posting frequency for Google+ is three posts per day. Mari Smith agrees with Buffer and Quick Sprout's findings that posting three times per day to Google+ is the way to go. Recommended Reading: How To Get More Traffic From Every Post (Plus How OkDork Grew Traffic 400% In 8 Months) How To Tell If Your Google+ Posting Frequency Is Working Like LinkedIn, Google+'s Insights feature leaves something to be desired to help you find the ideal daily posting frequency. However, you can use Insights to gauge your most successful days and review the number of posts you shared on those days. Cruise to your Google+ Business Profile, and go to the Insights feature. Click on Posts, and you'll see a graph of the popular days, followed by even more specific data related to the posts you've shared. How Often To Post On Instagram? Answer: High: 3 posts per day Low: 1 posts per day Recommended: 1–2 posts per day Factor in the best times to post on Instagram: Post #1:  8–9 a.m. Post #2: 2 a.m. Factor in curation: Curate and repurpose posts only when necessary (quotes, stats, facts), and always give credit Buffer says that major brands share on Instagram on average 1.5 times a day, but not more, so that's also what they suggest you do. DowSocial says to post to Instagram a minimum of three times per day. Since images are super sharable, posting a little more often would be fine, too. Adobe says your Instagram posting frequency should be consistent with your goals. They say some brands succeed with as many as 10 photos per day. That might work well if you're sharing photos from an event, for example. And on Forbes, Neil Patel says "posting frequency is not all that important for your Instagram marketing." Instead, what you should focus on is consistency. Whether you post once or twenty times per day, do your best to maintain that same cadence. Post to #Instagram 1–2 times a day at 8–9 a.m. and 2 a.m.How To Tell If Your Posting Frequency On Instagram Is Successful Iconosquare has an Instagram Analytics feature that will help you understand when to post.  Part of its functionality lets you export your data into a spreadsheet where you can see the time you posted and the engagement each post received. As you test your  posting frequency, that could be helpful to gauge your  engagement by day while analyzing the number of times you posted on Instagram. Recommended Reading: The Ultimate Guide On How To Use Instagram For Business How To  Put Your New Knowledge Into Action If this isn't the first post you've read coving the topic of how often to post on social media, then it's not the first time you've heard this: You should probably test your sharing frequency for your own audience. Yeah, yeah. So here are four methods you could try  to find the perfect social media  posting frequency for your following: Pick one study's suggestions and stick to 'em:  The 10 studies analyzed throughout this post all had different recommendations. You could find the one study that makes the most sense to you, then follow it from this point forward. Cherry pick the frequencies that make the most sense to you:  Since various studies offered a bunch of different ideas, you could grab the frequencies that seem like the obvious best choices  and create your own social media frequency guide. Test each frequency to find the ultimate best posting consistency: Run through each study's suggestions one after another,  compare your success, and finally use the advice that works best for your audience. Set up ReQueue  and Best Time Scheduling  in and automagically follow the best practice recommendations from this post:  You can  use to set up your daily, weekly, and  monthly shares to be whatever you want for all  of your social media accounts at the best time for your audience. Let me repeat that: You can customize to automatically fill up  your sharing schedule  at the best times  so you never have to worry about sharing more or how often to post on social media. Use any study's method you like- customize - add curated content along with your own, and forget about it. It's all possible with the latest feature in your marketing calendar: ReQueue. Then schedule those posts at the best time (automagically) with  Best Time Scheduling: Before we go, if you have any lingering questions, remember this quote from Jay Baer: The best social media publishing frequency is when it's worthwhile. Focus on value. Apply (and adjust) best practices as necessary. Enjoy greater social media success. It's that simple.

The regulatory framework for financial reporting by listed companies Essay

The regulatory framework for financial reporting by listed companies in the UK and the reasons why different accounting practices developed in different countries - Essay Example Although every business is different in some respect from the other, but their accounting procedures are to be performed in some standardized manner in order to have consistency and get an accurate picture. The financial reporting standards perform the function of regulating the business world by laying down the accounting standards and procedures which the limited companies need to follow. This not only helps in getting the financial information about companies on a common base by having standardized policies, but also serves the purpose of providing the users of financial statements with clear, accurate, reliable and relevant information (2005). In the United Kingdom, there are three basic elements of the regulatory framework for all the listed companies. The government has its role in regulating the businesses by way of the Company Law; the accounting professionals perform their duties by preparing, interpreting and implementing the accounting standards being prepared for the financial reporting purpose; and finally the stock exchange keeps a check by having various stock exchange rules for the companies listed in the London Stock Exchange. The Company Law is to be fulfilled by all the limited companies whether public or private, however there are variations depending upon the nature of the entity. It’s the basic regulatory framework introduced by the government in order to keep a record of the companies in the country (Ray Ball, Lakshmanan Shivakumar, 2004). However, this Company Law does not pay much attention to imposing regulations for the standardization and consistency of the accounting standards and policies. It just lays down the general rules and requirements for preparing financial statements, their format and their content. The procedure for finalizing the content is not discussed. The Company Law makes it mandatory that all the listed companies should prepare and

Clean Water in the Environmental Policy Context Essay

Clean Water in the Environmental Policy Context - Essay Example Secondly, the maintenance of a pollution-free waterbody requires several technological and monitoring arrangements which can come at a high cost. Thirdly, water is an essential and abundant resource. People believe that they have the right to clean water. This therefore means that authorities need to ensure that waterbodies are clean and free of pollution. Additionally, the flora and fauna related to the ecosystems of rivers and other waterbodies have the right to be preserved. These three factors imply that federal and state governments have a primary obligation to ensure that water is free from pollution. The inherent nature of clean water issues means that government can only handle the issue of providing safe water through policy. This paper examines the challenges facing policymakers in providing clean water to the public. To this end, the focus will be on the Clean Water Act, 1977 which provides the basic policy framework to tackle this issue through pollution control programs and limitation of discharge into waterbodies (Summary of Clean Water Act, 2011). The research examines perspectives into the challenges facing this Act and comes up with recommendations on how to deal with these challenges. The paper undertakes a critical view of the recommendations and examines how it can be applied in reality. Clean Water Act 1977 The Clean Water Act was enacted â€Å"... to restore and maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the nation's waters† (Section 101 a). This means that it provides a framework to ensure that practical steps are taken to prevent the pollution of our waterbodies. The Act empowers the US Environmental Protection Agency, US Army Corps of Engineers and the States to take reasonable steps to prevent the pollution of surface water in the country (National Research Council, 2008 p65). These parties work together with the other law enforcement agencies to ensure that all limits the law is followed appropriately in local jurisdictions. The Act was ammended in 1981, 1987 and 1990 (National Research Council, 2008 p265). The Act has six different Titles. Title I is about research and related programs. It sets out the goals of the act and the preamble it follows. Title II is about Grants for the Construction of Treatment Works. It shows how the various municipalities will be assisted to expand sewerage treatment plants. Title III is about Standards & Enforcement. It borders on discharge points, technology quality standards, water quality programs as well as criminal and civil provision for the enforcement of the law. Title IV outlines the federal and state certification and the issuance of permits and licenses needed for various potential polluters. Title V is about the facts that citizens can sue polluters and the procedures they can follow for that. It also describes the protections offered to whistleblowers. Title VI is about funding for State and local water pollution control systems. Policy Challen ges of the Clean Water Act There are three main significant challenges that can be identified in relation to the Clean Water Act. First of all, there is a major problem in relation to the uniformity of the application of the Act. Secondly, there is limited funding for treatment services as well as monitoring services to ensure that the Act is fully controlled and kept in motion. Thirdly, due to the apathy in the society and the existence of

Animation Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Animation Question - Essay Example It is an improvement from 5 drawings because it includes a number of activities. It implies that the character could be having substantial weight (Ratner, 295). It allows the audience to see the character undertake preparations for jumping. At seven drawings, the character is held in the midair. The action creates suspense in the animation, which is a significant aspect of literature. The scenario is an improvement from 15 drawings. It allows the audience to view additional activities. It allows the audience to substantiate the weight of the audience. First, movement of the coyote can be easily noticed as walking or running (Ratner, 295). It then lowers itself down swiftly in order to prepare to jump. It then exposes itself in the air to jump. The coyote successfully suspends itself in the air to create an effect to viewers. The timing also allows the audience to study the relative speeds of the coyote and