Lost For Emotion Words A Study On Autism Spectrum...

Lost For Emotion Words: A study on Autism Spectrum Conditions A study conducted by Moseley et.al., aimed to determine if the section of the brain regarding emotion is the same in individuals with ASC, than those without. Home Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are characterised by an impairment or inability to understand and express emotion. (Moseley et. al., 2014). Such a phenomenon is known as alexithymia, a condition where interpreting and describing emotion is extremely difficult as the individuals is unable to recognise emotions and their subtleties. Not only is such a difficulty exhibited when reading facial cues (E. Shaun et. al.,2015), but it is also evident during the processing of emotion related words. Hence regions of the brain†¦show more content†¦More specifically it was predicted that the cortical motor and limbic systems would be the main aspect affected, and should inturn reflect the degrees of autistic traits held by an individual with ASC. (Moseley et. al., 2014) Background Sigman et. al Sigman et al’s 1992 study described the emotional awareness, or lack thereof, in children with autism. This study placed two control groups, normal children and mentally retarded children, to be compared with children affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder. This ensured the results from the autistic group were dependant on the autistic traits alone. The study consisted of three conditions; adults showing fear, adults showing discomfort due to pain and adults showing distress. Sigman et. al found children affected by autism remained ignorant of the negative affects displayed by the adults in each condition, contrasting the control group’s reaction to cease playing with their toys. From this Sigman et. al., concluded that autistic children may lack the appropriate cognitive underpinnings to comprehend emotions displayed by others. As a result Sigman et. al., deduced that due to this inability autistic children choose to ignore facial cues as they do not form the motivation to take notice of them. Phillip et al R. Phillip et. al’s study investigated deficits in regarding body movement and verbal emotional processing. The study had participants exposed

WGU MKT1 Marketing Plan - 3771 Words

Company Q 3-Year Marketing Plan Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 4 Mission Statement 4 The Product 4 Consumer Product Classification 5 Target Market 5 Competitive Situation Analysis 5 Analysis of Competition using Porter’s 5 Forces Model 5 The threat from substitute products is low as there are not too many substitute products available. The price of QWell Air Purifiers is competitive and the quality is differentiated and better from other products of the same classification in the market. 6 SWOT Analysis 6 Strengths 7 Another weakness of Company Q is in marketing and promotions. Even the best products have to be marketed and sold. Since the major stockholders of the company are technology and production†¦show more content†¦In addition, the company’s production process is very efficient and results in a minimal amount of raw material waste. These factors and the small-front investment for the product will enable to company to offer the products at the lowest possible cost in relation to similar products in the market. The debt-to-equity ratio of Company Q is very low while its credit rating is high. The relationship of the company with current suppliers is excellent, but raw materials are also sourced from other suppliers. The credit terms offered by Company Q to intermediaries in their distribution channel are typical for the industry. According to marketing research, the QWell brand and logo are readily recognized by most categories of electronics product consumers. Mission Statement â€Å"We enable consumers to improve the quality and convenience of their lives by providing innovative electronics solutions.† The Product The QWell Air Purifier is an electronic product that has a multistage filtration system and an ultraviolet bulb for detecting bacteria and germs. The system effectively cleans the air in enclosed spaces like the rooms of the house of dust, pollen, or smoke at high or low speed, without impeding airflow of the forced-air heating and cooling systems in the home. The QWell Air Purifier enables consumers to improve the quality and convenience of their lives by making it easy to purify the air using electronically controlled systems. The unit automaticallyShow MoreRelatedWgu Mkt1 Marketing Plan Essay3383 Words   |  14 PagesCompany Q 3-Year Marketing Plan Table of Contents Introduction 3 Mission Statement 3 The Product 3 Consumer Product Classification 4 Target Market 4 Competitive Situation Analysis 4 Analysis of Competition using Porter’s 5 Forces Model 4 SWOT Analysis 5 Strengths 6 Weaknesses 6 Opportunities 6 Threats 7 Market Objectives 8 Product Objective 8 Price Objective 8 Place Objective 8 Promotion Objective 8 Marketing Strategies 8 Product Strategies 9 Price Strategies 9 Place

Source Analysis of Documents Written by Thomas free essay sample

Jacobin, and a likened them to the Republican Patriots of the American Revolution. Because of their beginnings with establishing a free constitution, and the sheer desire to become independent, it is only expectable that these connections would be made within the Americans minds. Despite originally seeing the two groups a part of the same sect, the violence that erupted from the French Revolution, leading up to and during the Reign of Terror caused Jefferson to change his views towards the Jacobin. The Document begins expressing a sense of uneasiness.Jefferson Is attempting to express his insupportableness with the amount of violence that has been going on in France. He does not discount that in the beginning the violence was beneficial for creating a sense of power and respect among the people. Jefferson also expresses that although their deaths were beneficial to the cause, he would forever grieve for the deaths of the innocent that had occurred. We will write a custom essay sample on Source Analysis of Documents Written by Thomas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jefferson also makes sure to emphasis his belief that the citizens of North America are supporters of French Revolution, the few that are not are In positions of high office, or wealthy.He rationalizes that it would make sense that these people would stand on the side of the nobles and monarchs of France. Jefferson finishes off the document explaining that although he disagrees with much of the activity that is occurring, he believes that the French republicanism is pure, and is the correct path for the country. No doubt an avid and open supporter of the French Revolution, Benjamin Franklin Beach stood with devotion to the cause despite the actions that had been occurring during the Reign of Terror. This Is demonstrated throughout the document APositive American View. The document begins from the get-go belittling the naysayer, and those who may disapprove of the entire revolution based off of the horrible actions that had occurred. He Justifies the countless deaths of innocent and guilty, by claiming the change which took place in the system of government, emancipated twenty-four millions of the human species. HIS next focus throughout the document Is the views of the Nobility and Monarchs, describing them as the tenth part who viewed the revolution as a negative development.He explains that e believes that the people who were put out, the wealthy and privileged, are Jealous and are attempting to act against the revolutionaries as punishment for all that they lost with the constitution. In Beaches eyes the monarchs are directly responsible for creating the revolutionaries look bad, they have been achieving this by Infiltrating Beach wishes to emphasize his point that: Though much blood may be shed ere liberty be firmly established; yet that wh en it shall be established the effusion will cease.A system of Despotism however, cannot be supported without blood, and we have no reason to live that as long as it continues, the sanguinary torrent will ever cease. It is Justified in his views that the amount of violence that has been occurring, and that is because even without the Revolutionaries fighting for liberty, the Monarchy would still be causing mass death and punishment. At least at the end of the Revolution, the violence will stop and all will be appeased.The contrasts between the two documents are apparent to anyone, but there are also many similarities between both the writers and their messages throughout the documents. The first of which is that they are both sympathetic with the evolutionary cause. They both are able to acknowledge the similarities between the French Revolution and the American Revolution, they both began with the desire of liberty and the creation of a free constitution, and although the actually process of carrying the constitution and the dealing with a monarch or any hereditary executive.This brings me to the second similarity, both Beach and Jefferson agree that while it was admirable that the Jacobin attempted to pacify the populations by trying to maintain a hereditary ruler with the constitution, they agreed that the decision to abolish the act all together was better for the constitution to flourish, because a maintai ned hereditary ruler opened the gates for despotism to be reestablished. The last similarity between the Beach and Jefferson documents is that they both retain their support for the Revolutionaries, although they are different in proclaiming it.Beach is able to unabashedly support the Jacobin for their diligence, while Jefferson no longer agrees with the methods and extremes that the Jacobin are reaching, he cannot turn his back on the basis of the movement, one with which e agrees wholeheartedly. Now, although Beach and Jefferson agreed, the main focus of these documents in comparison to each other was their opinions on the necessity of violence and the morality as well. Jefferson was by no means shy to express his disapproval of the excessive violence that became known as the Reign of Terror.Meanwhile Beach not necessarily approved of the violence, but believed that it was rightfully so because of the monarch and nobilitys greed and own violence. The excessive violence caused Jefferson faith to waver, but not Beach, he saw it as n excuse to continue forward, stating that there will be violence on either path, but it only ends with the success of liberty. From these documents two main questions arose for me, the first of which was: Was the violence that was exemplified during the Reign of Terror really necessary?Both Benjamin Franklin Beach and Thomas Jefferson were not shy in their belief that violence was inevitable during the revolution, though their reasons why were incr edibly different. Beach took the side of belief that the Executive powers and nobility were causing as much, if not more, violence then the evolutionarily, and that without the constitution and liberty the patterns of violence would be never ending. But on the other side was Jefferson, who believed that while justifiable. The second question that came clear from the documents was: Was mass violence and deaths the only means by which control was able to be gained? Benjamin Franklin Beach claimed that the violence used within the revolution was what emancipated twenty-four millions of the human species. Thus causing me to believe that without violence the results would be unachievable. Even Jefferson lams that violence is inevitable. As a direct quote In the struggle that was necessary, many guilty persons fell without the forms of trial and with them some innocent. In his own words he cannot deny that violence to some extent is necessary, but why does that change when it is applied on a grander scale. Without the foundation of violence, would the Jacobin have been able to gain power and respect. Beyond that, if violence is the only way in which power and respect was gained, why would those methods change later on? The idea of changing their methods cannot yen up with the desires of Jefferson, who expr esses his desires for less violence now that they have been established. In conclusion, there are many similarities and differences between the documents presented, but in the core then both express, albeit one unwillingly, admit that the violence known as the Reign of Terror was inevitable. While Jefferson calls for a dismissal of the violence and the return to the pure motives of the revolution, Beach supports his revolutionary brothers by claiming they not only have the right to act as they do, but are required to do so in order to uphold the tradition of liberty.

Quantittative Research free essay sample

Quantitative research is very common in natural sciences. Quantitative research is used to verify or support a hypothesis that already exists. Being without the structure provided by a hypothesis in quantitative research between variables tested, may create feeling of insecurity. This is understandable since quantitative research on human behaviour has a more clearly defined research agenda. Research is conducted through a cycle of phases. The methods applied to carry out quantative research are data analysis, which is collected through statistics. The nature of this type of perspective is known as positivism because it strives to tell the world it can be understood in one context. Quantitative research uses a deductive approach, making predictions, and testing hypothesis that have already been carried out. (Coolican, H. 1999) Researchers of quantitative research work with numerical data by analysing numbers. Characteristics have to be put in place in order for results to be accurate and reliable. We will write a custom essay sample on Quantittative Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Prior to conducting a research, researchers have to state both hypotheses. The next task carried out prior to the research is to implement the procedure they are going to use. Researchers have to provide statistical meaningful data and in order to do this they have to use large enough samples of people. A quantifiable sample of 200 people is an absolute minimum in order to carry out a reliable statistical analysis. The accuracy of the research is important therefore correct procedures are employed to collect data analysis. In quantitative research due to the nature, certain types of methods are used to conduct research. Quantitative research is done through questioning and observing. Researchers can manipulate certain parts of the experiment when measuring the results. The methods are of systematic approach; the four main types of research used in quantitative research are descriptive or survey research, correlational research, casual comparative research and experimental research. (Bryman, A. 2004) Correlational research attempts to determine the relationships between two or more variables, experimental research attempts to look for an cause and effect between two or more variables. Correlational and group difference studies look at existing data this is a non-experimental study. The cause an effect here assess the relationship from one study that exists with another study which is the same. Whilst in casual comparative research the researcher has no control over the casual factor or independent variable because it is studied after the fact, this effect is also known as the dependent variable (D. V). Experimental research and casual comparative research looks at cause and effect relationship between two or more variables the difference between the two researches is that casual comparative research have no control whereas experimental research the researcher has control over the independent variable (I. V). (Bryman, A. 2004) A longitudinal survey was conducted looking at behavioural patterns of sport fandom’s. The usefulness of this research was to analyse the behaviour of human explained by social facts. Longitudinal studies can be useful because they study the same group of participants over a certain aspect as time passes. The survey examined showing the behavioural component of sport fandom attending games. The data was collected in consecutive seasons, the methodology of study was to be reliable and in order to do this they collected data between clubs. The advantage of this survey showed the composition of the crowd, and their overt behaviour. The usefulness of using quantative methodology was to measure overt behaviour, and the different aspects in measuring the composition of the sports crowd. This study can be replicated again to compare the quantitative methodology. In this research the reliability and validity is determined more than a qualitative technique. Even though the survey showed the composition of the crowd and their overt behaviour, the methodology does not attempt to explain the underlying assumptions of sport fandom. The individuals in the study are regarded as a â€Å"set of variables making them equivalent across persons and across situations†. (www) Structure interviews usually carried out on randomly selected sample of people. In a structured interview the researcher has pre set questions that a subject is required to answer in a given way. Structured interviews are conducted in a casual manner and may produce spontaneous and realistic answers. The standard interviews can be generalised and applied to the entire population. Sampling of subjects can be difficult, and formal interviews conducted in routine manner may not produce realistic answers. The British Crime Survey (B. C. S) carries out surveys of randomly selected sample of people questioned by structured interviews. In order to understand, the experience of crime and behaviour. (Bryman, A, 2004) In questionnaires and surveys the experiments can be studied on large sample of people. Researchers are able to ask questions about feeling and behaviour in real situations, the method is cheap. The selected people can be generalised about the real world because they are chosen randomly. In the questionnaire and survey the negative aspect can be that people may not respond truthfully. It is difficult to establish the cause an effect. Questions in surveys may not have been asked about variables. Also through surveys and questionnaires research is often collected which is manipulated. People’s responses are put in categories that might fit in order to make meaning. (Coolican, H. 1999) Asch (1951) study was conducted to carry out if conformity took place. Asch (1951) did a perceptual test to measure conformity; there were 36 confederates in the experiment, 20 trials took place. The study was carried out in a laboratory setting. In the experiment where a number of stooges who were confederates of the experiment. In the experiment the stooges where told to give incorrect answers. Participant found it hard in the perceptual test to identify which 3 lines was the same length has the standard line. In this study 74% of participants did agree with the stooges verdict and conformed. The mean average of conformity rate amongst participants was 32%. Many psychologists have criticised Asch’s study because they feel the participants where young offenders on probation. The set of participants were under authority figures acting has their experimenters. The other criticism Asch has received was how could one relate the perceptual task to conformity in real life. The other factor that could’ve affected conformity in the perceptual task was if there was one participant and one stooge, conformity would’ve been rather low than one stooge being present in the experiment; possibility of conformity would be then higher. The higher the status of stooge the likelihood of conformity would be higher, than if the stooge is a fellow student. Other factors considered to influence different results would be if lines where relatively similar to the standard line then the task would effect the conformity rate. It was a time consuming study, because one participant was tested at a time. In this study the participants were misleaded because of the stooges. The usefulness of the stooges in this experiment was to provide a result whether conformity existed. Rosenow and Rosenthal (1977) suggest that some studies, â€Å"researchers have clear expectations about what should happen in their research study this can affect on the outcome. In other words, to some extent, researchers find what they are expecting to find, simply because they are expected to find it†. (Coolican, H. 1999) Research can sometimes produce ambiguous interpretations where studies have manipulated the independent variable. Validity in experiments only exists if the true cause and effect relationship is identified. In experimental methods manipulation of one variable can take place in order to keep the other variables constant. Experiments take place to discover accurate and precise discoveries of relationships between variables. In order to rule out alternative confounding variables designs of experiments are carefully thought. Therefore a validity of experiment carried out on a study should help researcher in future to create and design better experiment. (Russel, J. 000) Researcher In quantitative research is a mere objective observer. In this research the researcher does not participate or influence what is being studied. This is the basic underlying assumption of the method that guides this study. It is through this sequence the types of data are collected. Experiments carried out in field studies are seen has reliable, because people react and behave in an everyday context. On the other hand labor atory studies can be unreliable because variables are controlled, they are low in validity and artificial. Coolican, H. 1999) Researchers use quantitative research in order to find results from experiments. Experiments used in social science have to be done so that they are internally and externally valid. (www. uwa. com In conclusion it can be said that some researchers find that some experiments using quantitative method have limited usefulness because of the low external validity for example of their inapplicability to the real world. On the other hand some researchers consider quantitative research can be statistically reliable. Some researchers find that studies in some cases are manipulated and the results are biased in the way they are measured. The determination of the reliability on quantitative research can be from one idea concept, product package if it is better than the alternative. Researchers using quantitative research see whether a particular population shares certain characteristics in common. Quantitative research is used in connection with statistical analysis and generalisation of descriptions. Therefore it is seen appropriate to be used in research to measure both attitudes and behaviour.

Research Paper on Prayer

Research Paper on Prayer We live in a nation that says personal freedom is the fundamental and supreme value. There is no room for state-mandated prayer in a nation of citizens that greatly value their individuality. The nation we live in has no governmentally adopted religion or particular religious faith, this is because of the constitutional principle that the Supreme Court has maintained for many years, this â€Å"wall of separation between Church and State† that makes America a model of religious freedom. Religion matters tremendously in the United States, a world torn by conflict over religious differences the United States is the most religiously diverse nation on Earth. Therefore we are not officially a Christian nation, which gives us the ability to actually live up to the First Amendment and have more religious liberty in this country. That diversity will be endangered, not enhanced, if an amendment is passed that would promote organized school prayer. A proposal like enforcing prayer in public schools will create the type of division that the framers of the Constitution were seeking to prevent when they adopted the First Amendment. Children, who are required to attend school by law, should not be placed in the position of having to choose between pressures from their teachers, peers, and their parent’s instructions on religious practice. School sponsorship of a religious message is impermissible because it sends a subliminal message to the students, of leaving some who are nonadherents feeling as though they are outsiders. The current United States Supreme Court’s interpretation of the First Amendment does not prohibit students from praying voluntarily in school. However, it does bar organized school sponsored prayer. This is the difference between the right to pray in school, which is an absolute right, and the right not to be coerced to pray. Texas Governor Rick Perry led an organized prayer at an East Texas middle school on October 18, 2001. At the end of his prayer he offered â€Å"in Jesus’ name,† and some students responded with â€Å"Amen.† This is a problem because the students were required to attend this assembly therefore this was an organized prayer that students who may be nonbelievers or even of other religions were forced to participate in. The Governor took his personal perspective in consideration, â€Å"prayer life and a country that respects a higher being, our God, is a stronger country.† That is his belief and he took it upon himself to say that the majority of people in Texas believe the same thing. Has America along with the Governor forgotten about the rights of the minority? He overlooked the right not to be coerced to pray and the fact that not all Texans are going to be comfortable with the same prayer. Rick Perry is oppressing those that are of the Mormon, Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, and Buddhist religion, or nonbelievers by saying that we all pray to the same God, and those who don’t should just show benevolence. The Governor should know that the founders of our nation strongly believed that the government, whether on the national or local level, should not become involved in any way in religious activities, which is exactly what he did. It is just not possible to have organized prayer in school w hen the United States is the multicultural melting pot of the world. In the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks, people in the nation should be called to prayer and students need a sanctuary. The sanctuary that students need can be found in the schools. Schools have students for at least 30 hours a week, which is more time than what the parents have in reality, and 30 times more than the church. More than any other institution in the world, the school has that unique opportunity with the next generation. The school is the school, an institution for learning, providing instruction and the church is the church, a clergy of a religious body. It is not the duty of the public school to teach religion or practice any majority religion. Parents are still the sole providers and teachers of morality for their children, and because students spend most of their time at public schools does not take away the duties that parents have to their children. Bringing a child up in a particular faith or teaching them the beliefs of a particular faith is a privilege and right of a parent. Wanting to bring religion to the children in public schools takes away that right and responsibility from parents. Most Americans do not want the government interfering in any of their most private affairs, one of them being religion. The public school that a parent’s child may be attending could be the very school that teaches a prayer that endorses beliefs that offend a parent. There are concerns about a decline in moral values in the country and in the increase in violence on the streets and in America’s homes. William Bennett, former Secretary of Education, claims that the 1962 decision, Engel v. Vitale of banning official prayer from the public schools, is directly responsible for the national decline. The 1962 decision marked a rapid plunge in SAT scores, a high rise in the teenage pregnancy rate and many other social problems. However, these are misleading claims, the social problems are related to the increase in wealth and opportunity and education between the richest and poorest people in our society. It is obvious that the decline and social problem have clearly nothing to do with prayer in public schools. For it is very crucial that America remembers that the school or any other government body cannot substitute for our churches, synagogues, mosques, homes, or any other place of worship. Prayer in the public schools will infringe on religious liberty rights, it will encourage divisiveness along religious lines in a public school setting, the minority religion will never prevail and their views will be effectively silenced. The nation’s founders believed that people should be free to pursue their own religious beliefs without government interference. Government endorsement of religion in a public school is a violation of the First Amendment and religious freedom should never be subjected to majority vote. You can also order a custom essay, term paper, thesis, dissertation or research paper on prayer from our custom research writing service which provides high-quality custom written papers at an affordable cost. Here is a list of the most popular essay topics on prayer: Should Prayer be Allowed in Schools? Prayer In School Religious Freedom? Power of Prayer Distant Intercessory Prayer Injustice on Prayer in Colleges A Prayer for Own Meany An Instrument of God Prayer for Success Does God Need the Church? Prayer Session Exodus 2:23-3:10 Prayer in Portrait of the Artist Analytical Response: Prayer before birth and Mid-term break

CPR

CPR The building of the Canadian Pacific Railway, an immense expensive and challenging project, demonstrates the uniqueness of the Canadian way of life. The railroad played an essential role in connecting such a vast land as Canada. It brought together various cultures, connected the dispersed population, and protected Canada's unique political system.The CPR was a great contributor to Canada's multiculturalism. With the construction of the CPR, Canada did not have enough workers to complete the job; therefore, people from other countries came to help. Many Americans looking for work came to Canada to work on the CPR, as well as many people from the European countries. At one point during the construction of the CPR, two-thirds of the 9000 workers were Chinese. Although religious intolerance, racial discrimination and political indifferences persecuted immigrants working for the CPR, they persevered and established strong ethnic communities that are still found in the major cities touche d by the CPR.An old CP Rail car outside the Brockville, Ontario...Economically the Canadian Pacific Railway is the backbone to Canada. One of the conditions of British Columbia's entry into confederation in 1871 was that a railway had to be built to connect the East Coast of Canada to the West Coast. To do this, a 5000-kilometer line was built through some of Canada's harshest terrain. After many difficulties, a political scandal, and lots of work, the CPR was completed. On November 7, 1885, five years ahead of schedule, the last spike was driven in at Craigellachie, British Columbia and the confederation of Canada was consolidated. The CPR was ready to begin its transcontinental transportation service. As the only passenger service to many isolated communities, and the producer of Canada's many railway towns, the CPR not only linked Canada's provinces but also its diverse ways of life. Fishing villages, mining cities, and farmlands, the CPR...

To what extent are human bodies products of culture Discuss In Essay

To what extent are human bodies products of culture Discuss In relation to Susan Benson and Anne Balsamo theories and give 2 ex - Essay Example 123); at the same time, it served as an instrument to the expression of one’s culture, beliefs and practices (e.g., tattoos, body piercings, etc.) (Shilling, 2002, p. 68). Nevertheless, cultural influences on the beliefs of the society pose questions about the abilities of the body to satisfy human craving for perfection. The physical limitations of the body, especially in the context of gender, are causes of these commotions. At the spring of technology, the frustrations that bred from these limitations made humans create cybernetic organisms or the cyborgs, concede to cosmetic surgeries, and use equipments that could help correct the issues â€Å"concerning health, beauty and ageing† (Lewis, 2002, p. 294). Because of the increasing attention gained by the human body, several individuals and groups have formulated theories on the bases of these shifts. Theories on Human Body and the Culture As culture affect people’s beliefs and practices in almost all aspects o f living, its influence on human perception about their body has also been inevitable. This is plainly evident particularly in the Western civilizations. Consequently, the collection of research studies and related literature on the account of identity and differences as determined by the body itself, and how humans have proceeded to initiate changes and created new ways to modify the limitations of the natural body which promote control especially in the aspects of health, beauty and aging, have accumulated to unexpected degrees. Subsequently, theories by Foucault, and others, attempt to explain the relationships between the society’s views of the human body, its causes and effects, and the internal and external factors that play a role in the circumstances involved (e.g., human emotions and drives, language, among others) and the current trend of human ascendancy over it (Lewis, 2002, p. 295; Shilling, 2002, p. 65; Balsamo, 1999, p. 20). The presence of social standards and the pressure that it puts on the populace, as well as the submission of the society to these norms, propose that despite the intrinsic diversities that result from â€Å"the modernist ideology of individualism† (Lewis, 2002, p. 295), culture remains to be a crucial and major determinant of how the people view the body and its value. With this, and with the assistance of technology, the human race try to develop the body into the image which suits the idealists view of how the body should be by maintaining health (e.g., exercise and proper diet) and even undergoing cosmetic surgeries; existing in the absence of or surpassing â€Å"bodily flaws, disease, obesity, ageing and (even) death† (Lewis, 2002, p. 295). This is also why bodybuilders, cyborgs and robots, and even those who have anorexia and bulimia exist -- ways in which humans try to demonstrate control over their bodies to achieve what is considered by the society as ideal or within the bounds of social standard s. As a result, experts suggest that what human body is now -- how it is treated, looked at and valued -- is a product of cultures that desire for standardized perfection. Still, the presence of the aforementioned advances towards the â€Å"improvement† of the human body does not mean the complete absence of what is unwanted. Mary Douglas even stated that â€Å"that which is negated is not thereby removed† (as cited in Benson, 2002, p. 124). Hence, people continue to struggle between the threats of the internal and

Working Station and Monotonous Duties Assignment

Working Station and Monotonous Duties - Assignment Example I Have always struggled to juggle more than two roles often on acting capacity and therefore feel that by so doing, I had already acquired pre-requisite skills and managerial know how to take such an office. I would like to offer free counsel to the management that I may take no action about this but some other employee who may be a victim in future may not take it kindly. Such commissions and omissions are detrimental to development and employee appraisal. I hereby tender my heartfelt disappointment to the administration of the firm due to its open show of unfairness concerning employee promotion. I believe in this firm since it is a symbol of excellence and first-class management which has arisen from the competitive staff who are recruited on observable merit. However, the latest promotion was totally skewed and looked so pre-determined that qualification and work experience was completely ignored. Due to my frequent role as an acting officer in many positions, I had all it takes to take the promotion. However, since this is the decision of the management I would only tell the concerned authority to look into this. Hello sir, This Company has organized an internal public relations in-service training and I would like to invite you on behalf of the firm’s administration to grace the event as the chief guest. The function will be held at the company’s central Arena on 15th November 2012 as from 10.00 a.m. You have been noted as an exemplary counselor in issues to do with interpersonal skills from family level to national apex through your talks and musical back up. It is, therefore, our pleasure to take this golden opportunity to expose our staff to this important factor especially where teamwork is the key to performance as is the case with our organization.  

Geography Rivers Essay Example for Free

Geography Rivers Essay 1. The speed and volume of a river varies from place to place along a rivers course because of many reasons. In the upper course, the volume of water is low as there are few tributaries. In comparison, the volume of water in the middle course is higher as there are more tributaries supplying water to the main river channel. The volume of water in the lower course is the highest as the lower course has the most tributaries. However, many other factors will also affect the volume of water in the river. More permeable rocks will result in less surface runoff, thus a lower volume of water. Less permeable rocks will then have more surface runoff, thus a higher volume of water. Vegetation on land such as trees and plants also affects the volume of water, as vegetation intercepts rain. The upper course usually has more vegetation, while the lower courses have less vegetation intercepting precipitation. Sparse vegetation results in less water infiltrating the ground, thus there will be more surface runoff, resulting in a larger volume of water. The climate of the particular area will affect the volume of water in a river too. The volume of water varies for wet and dry seasons as the amount of rainfall changes. Generally, in hot and wet equatorial or tropical area, there is a higher volume of water as compared to dry areas such as deserts. Lastly, the size of the drainage basin will affect the volume of a river. The bigger the size of land area drained by the main river and its tributaries, the higher the volume of water as there is more collection of rainwater compared to a smaller drainage basin which has less surface area for rain to fall on. The speed of the river, is affected by the gradient of the river. In the upper course, the gradient of the river is steep, thus the water is fast-flowing. In the middle and lower courses, the gradient is gentler, thus the water flows more slowly. The roughness of the river channel also affects the speed of the water in a river. Generally, the upper course has a rougher river channel while the middle and lower courses have a smoother river channel. When the river bed is uneven and has a large number of obstacles such as rocks, boulders and plants, there is more friction, causing the water to flow more slowly. The wetted perimeter of the river affects the speed of the water too. The wetted perimeter of the water is the size of the river channel in contact with the water. The upper course has usually a smaller wetted perimeter while the middle course has a larger wetted perimeter. The lower course has the largest wetted perimeter. A larger wetted perimeter decreases the speed of the water due to the friction generated as with more of the river channel being in contact with the rivers water. 2.a) Transport process A is suspension. Suspension occurs when small particles such as silt or clay-sized particles are carried within the water by turbulent flow. Transport process B is traction, and occurs when large boulders or rocks rolled along the river bed. Transport process C is saltation, where small pebbles and stones are bounced or hopped along the river bed. b) Solution is not shown in the figure. Solution is a river transport process in which minerals are dissolved in the water and carried in solution. As the minerals are dissolved in the water and thus invisible to the naked eye, it then cannot be shown in the figure. 3.a) There are 4 main processes of river erosion, including hydraulic action, corrasion, attrition and solution. Hydraulic action is the removing and dislodging of rocks from the bed and banks of the river by the sheer force of the running water. Corrasion, or abrasion, is the grinding of rock fragments carried by the river against the bed and banks of the river. This action both widens and deepens the river channel. Attrition is the knocking of rock fragments in the water against one another. In the process, the rocks become smaller and rounder as the sharp edges are grounded. Through time, rocks become grain sized silt, clay and other sediments. Solution is the process by which river water reacts chemically with soluble minerals in the rocks and dissolves them. For example, when a river stream flows over an area of limestone, it erodes the limestone by reacting chemically with it and dissolves it.

Lobster: A Poor Man’s Food Evolves into a Wealthy Man’s Food :: Essays Papers

Lobster: A Poor Man’s Food Evolves into a Wealthy Man’s Food When do natural products become a delicacy? They become a delicacy when they become harder to find in their natural setting. This is what happened to the lobster and how the demands of the consumers changed. During Colonial times, the status of lobster was much different than today. It was once considered a poor man’s food. Now, it is considered a delicacy and found in many fancy dishes and at most higher priced restaurants. Today, lobster prices are high. If you want to eat a good lobster, you have to pay a decent price for it. The change in status of lobster occurred when the supply of lobster started to become depleted. As the sources of lobster were being depleted the demand increased in wealthier markets. This occurred because wealthier people could afford the higher prices created by a shrinking supply. The supply of the lobster population is what influenced the changing demands of the consumers. When settlers first came to America, lobster was considered a poor man’s food. The lobsters were so abundant at that time that many people felt that they were competing with them for space on the shore. The settlers felt that the lobster had no nutritional value. At that time both Native Americans and settlers used the lobster as fertilizer for their fields and as bait to catch other fish. Lobster was so disdained that it was given to prisoners, indentured servants, and children. This was such a common practice that in Massachusetts many servants and prisoners had it put into their contract that they could not be fed lobster more than two times a week. In the end, new technological innovations caused the disappearance of cheap lobster. Traps and smack boats were two technologies that greatly influenced the depleting lobster population. Lobstering changed from a hunting and gathering activity for local subsistence into a prosperous business enterprise. It became a business because fishermen were now trying to fill the demands of the consumers. The New Englanders were suddenly using lobster as a way to earn an income. New technologies helped them catch more lobsters to sell to more people. One of the new technologies invented was the use of traps to get the lobsters.

Middle Eastern airline Emirates has appointed Chemistry

Middle Eastern airline Emirates has appointed Chemistry Communications to handle its direct marketing account. The agency replaces DDA and is tasked with developing customer management strategies, as well as other direct activities. Emirates has appointed VCCP and sales promotion agency Gasoline to its roster to work on as-yet unspecified projects. The appointment follows the Dubai airline’s decision to hire Grey London to create a global advertising campaign for its business-class service. Emirates will offer daily non-stop flights between Los Angeles and Dubai on September 1.The new flight runs a distance of 8,339 miles, taking 16 hours and 35 minutes from Dubai to California; the duration of the return flight will be slightly shorter at just under 16 hours.Emirates currently flies twice daily to New York and once daily to Houston.  Emirates is to promote its new Dubai-Sao Paulo service through a digital campaign that will include the longest ad ever.  The advert will al so air on cable TV, allowing it to be recognised as the longest ever by Guinness World Records. Emirates has ended its management contract with Sri Lankan Airlines, fuelling speculation that it may sell its 43.6% stake in the Dubai-based carrier.Emirates has valued its share at $150 million, with Mr Clark saying its purchase would be one â€Å"hell of an opportunity† for a regional carrier  The Emirates Group has posted a 23.5% rise in group net profits to  £500 million backed by a record  £424 million profit at its airline. The government-owned airline added 3 million passengers over the financial year ending 31 March, 2007.  During the 2006-07 financial year Emirates added 12 new Boeing 777-300ER aircraft and launched new services to Nagoya, Tunis, Bangalore and Beijing, while increasing frequency to existing destinations like Dusseldorf and ZurichEmirates Airline, the government-owned Dubai carrier, has reported a 29% increase in year-on-year net profit to AED1.2 b illion ( £171.6 million) for the fiscal first half ended 30 September 2006.  Passenger revenue rose 31% for the period, with the number of passengers increasing 20% to 8.39 million.  Emirates announced that it has launched service to 10 cities since January 2006, with its total network now standing at 87 destinations.Almost four months after its initial announcement that the new A380 superjumbo would suffer launch delays in June 2006, after which point several further postponements have been tabled, Airbus parent company EADS has issued a â‚ ¬4.8 billion profit warning, more than double that mooted when the first problems occurred. The figure works against EADS’ â€Å"baseline plan† for the period between 2006 and 2010, and will be recorded as a shortfall in operating profits.Separately, the A380’s biggest advance order customer, Emirates, which has requested 45 of the total 159 ordered aircraft, has said that as a result of the latest delays, which put the A380’s release at no earlier than August 2008, it is â€Å"reviewing its options.†On 25th October 1985, Emirates flew its first routes out of Dubai with just two aircraft—a leased Boeing 737 and Airbus 300 B4. Then as now, our goal was quality, not quantity, and in the years since taking those first small steps onto the regional travel scene, Emirates has evolved into a globally influential travel and tourism conglomerate known the world over for our commitment to the highest standards of quality in every aspect of our business.Though wholly owned by the Government of Dubai, Emirates has grown in scale and stature not through protectionism but through competition—competition with the ever-growing number of international carriers that take advantage of Dubai’s open-skies policy. Not only do we support that policy, but we see it as vital to maintaining our identity and our competitiveness. After making its initial start-up investment, the Govern ment of Dubai  saw fit to treat Emirates as a wholly independent business entity, and today we are thriving because of it. Our growth has never been lower than 20 per cent annually, and the airline has recorded an annual profit in every year since its third in operation.Continuing our explosive growth while continually striving to provide the best service in the industry is the secret of Emirates’ success. The Emirates Group announced record net profits of Dhs  3.5 billion (US$  942 million) for the financial year ended 31st March 2007. The 28.8 per cent increase in profits versus the previous year speaks  of a  promising future of an airline we feel is greater than the sum of its many parts, which now include: ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An award winning international cargo division ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A full-fledged destination management and leisure division ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An international ground-handler ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An airline IT developer.With a fleet of 113 aircraft, we currently fly to  over 100 destinations in  62 countries around the world, and our network is expanding constantly. Nearly  800 Emirates flights depart Dubai each week on their way to destinations on  six continents. In fact, Emirates' flights  account for nearly 40  per cent of all flight movements in and out of Dubai International Airport, and our aim is to increase this market-share to 70 per cent by 2010 without compromising our reputation for quality.  Toward this end, Emirates has made numerous significant announcements regarding the future of its already state-of-the-art fleet.In 2001, Emirates demonstrated its confidence in the industry’s future growth by announcing the largest order in aviation history, valued at US$15 billion. A staggering 58 new aircraft, a mix of Airbus and Boeing, were to join the rapidly expanding fleet.  In 2005, Emirates announced the largest-ever or der for the Boeing 777 family of aircraft – 42 in all – in a deal worth Dhs 35.7 billion (US$ 9.7 billion).At the 2006 Farnborough Air Show, Emirates signed a Heads of Agreement for 10 of Boeing’s new 747-8F aircraft, to be powered by General Electric’s GEnx jet engines, in a deal worth US$ 3.3 billion.  At the Dubai Airshow in November 2007, Emirates announced a historic civil aviation aircraft order when it signed contracts for a 120 Airbus A350s, 11 A380s, and 12 Boeing 777-300ERs, worth an estimated US$34.9 billion in list prices. The agreement with Airbus comprises firm orders for 50 A350-900s and 20 A350-1000s, plus 50 options for the A350-900s. The first A350 will be delivered to Emirates in 2014.Emirates also firmed up orders on the eight A380s for which it had signed letters of intent earlier this year, and placed firm orders for an additional three of the double-decker aircraft, bringing its total firm order for the A380s to 58.References:http s://www.emirates.com/uk/english/about/history.aspx [Cited 14 March2008]http://academic.mintel.com/sinatra/oxygen_academic/†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..[Cited 14 March2008]https://www.emirates.com/ua/russian/ [Cited 14 March2008] Stephen J. Porth (2003) Strategic Management: A cross- Functional Approach. Second edition Hamel, G. (2002). Leading the revolution: How to thrive in a turbulent time by making innovation a way of life

Succubus Shadows Chapter 15

It was 1942, and I was in France. I didn't want to be in France. I hadn't wanted to be there for the last fifty years, yet somehow, Bastien kept talking me into staying. There was also the small fact that our supervising archdemon didn't want us to go. He liked the way we worked together. Incubus-succubus teams were hit or miss sometimes, but we were exceptional, and our superiors had taken note. It was good for our hellish careers but not for my morale. Bastien didn't see what my problem was. â€Å"Hell doesn't even need us here,† he told me one day, after I'd complained for like the thousandth time. â€Å"Think of it as a vacation. Hordes of souls are being damned here every day.† I walked over to the window of our shop and peered out onto the busy road, pressing my hands against the glass. Bicyclists and pedestrians moved past, everyone needing to get somewhere and get there fast. It could have been any ordinary weekday in Paris, but this was no ordinary day. Nothing had been ordinary since the Germans had occupied France, and the scattered soldiers in the street stood out to me like candles in the night. Bad simile, I thought. Candles implied some kind of hope or light. And while Paris had fared better than most people realized under Nazi rule, something in the city had changed. The energy, the spirit†¦whatever you wanted to call it, it had a taint to me. Bastien said I was crazy. Most people were still living their daily lives. The food shortages weren't as bad here as in other places. And after shape-shifting into Aryan nation poster children with blond hair and blue eyes, we were more or less left alone. Bastien was still going on about my glum mood while he moved about and straightened hat displays in my periphery. He'd chosen millinery as his profession for this identity, one that worked well for meeting well-to-do Parisian women. I played the role of his sister – as I so often did in other scenarios – helping with the store and keeping house for him. It was better than dance halls or brothels, which had been our previous occupations in France. â€Å"What about your friend?† Bastien asked me slyly. â€Å"Young Monsieur Luc?† At the mention of Luc, I paused in my dejected assessment of the world outside the hat shop. If I was going to talk about candles in the night, then Luc was mine. A real one. He was a human I'd met recently, working with his father – a violin maker. Their trade had suffered even more than ours, as the market for luxury items shriveled in these lean times. But Luc never seemed to let their financial woes affect him. Whenever I saw him, he was always cheerful, always full of hope. The weight of so many centuries of sin and darkness were starting to take their toll on me, and being in Paris only made it worse. Yet, Luc was a wonder to me. Being able to look at the world with such optimism, with such conviction that good would prevail†¦well, it was a foreign concept. One I was intrigued by. I couldn't stay away from it. â€Å"Luc's different,† I admitted, finally turning from the window. â€Å"He's not part of this.† Bastien snorted and leaned against the wall. â€Å"They're all part of this, Fleur.† Fleur was his long-time nickname for me over the years, no matter what identity I assumed. â€Å"I don't suppose you've slept with him yet?† My answer was to turn away again and remain silent. No, I hadn't slept with Luc. I wanted to, though. I wanted to with the instincts of a woman who had fallen for a man, as well as the craving of a succubus to consume the energy and taste the soul of someone so good. I had never hesitated before. This was the kind of thing I'd always sought out. It was even my job. But something inside of me was changing. Maybe it was these bleak times, but whenever I looked at Luc and saw that purity radiating from him – and his growing love and trust in me – I just couldn't do it. â€Å"He's coming by tonight,† I said at last, dodging the question. â€Å"We're going for a walk.† â€Å"Oh,† said Bastien. â€Å"I see. A walk. That's certain to impress Theodosia.† Theodosia was our archdemoness. I turned back around sharply, glaring at Bastien. â€Å"It's none of your business what I do!† I exclaimed. â€Å"Besides, if this is the ‘vacation' you claim it is, I shouldn't need to secure a good soul.† â€Å"Souls are falling left and right around here,† he agreed. â€Å"But you've still got to turn one in every once in a while. You can't spend the rest of your existence only going after bad ones.† I didn't speak to him for the rest of the day, and fortunately, business picked up quite a bit in the afternoon. It kept us both busy, though I counted down the minutes until Luc showed up that evening. He gave polite greetings to my â€Å"brother,† and then I hustled us out of there so that I wouldn't have to see the knowing look in Bastien's eyes. Luc could have passed for my brother too with his sunny golden hair. He always smiled when he looked at me, making small crinkle lines around the blue eyes I fancifully likened to sapphires. He held my arm as we passed through the evening crowd, filled with those going home after work or possibly seeking nighttime entertainment. He told me I looked beautiful, and we talked of other inconsequential things: the weather, neighborhood gossip, day-to-day affairs†¦ We ended up at a small city park that was a popular spot for others seeking evening strolls before curfew. We found a relatively secluded area among some trees and settled onto the grass. Luc had been carrying a small basket the entire time and revealed its contents: pastries and a bottle of wine. He didn't have extra money to throw around for that kind of thing, but I knew better than to protest. It was already done. Whatever else he'd had to sacrifice in return would be well worth it, as far as he was concerned. He had another surprise for me as well: a book. He and I were always trading novels back and forth, and as I lay down against the grass, skimming through the pages, a strange yet warm peace blossomed within me. â€Å"Next time you should bring your violin,† I said, setting the book down. â€Å"I want to hear you play again.† He stretched out beside me, his hand finding mine. We laced our fingers together and watched the sky grow purple. â€Å"Not out here,† he said. â€Å"I don't want a public concert.† â€Å"You'd charm them all,† I said. â€Å"The whole city would line up and dance at your command, just like the pied piper.† He laughed, the sound as golden as his hair or even the sun itself. â€Å"And then what would I do with them?† â€Å"Line them up and send them all away so that we can be alone.† â€Å"We are alone,† he said, laughing again. â€Å"Sort of.† I rolled to my side and leaned over him. Shadows from the surrounding trees enclosed us. â€Å"Alone enough.† I brought my lips down and kissed him, surprising both of us. I hadn't meant to do it. We'd never kissed before. I'd held myself back from him, earning all that chastising from Bastien. I could never bring myself to take Luc's energy and shorten his life. Yet, something came over me just then. It might have been my earlier gray mood or the feelings that were eerily like love within me. Whatever it was, being a succubus didn't matter just then. Well, it didn't until his energy started flowing into me. Our kissing grew more intense, our lips full of demand. His soul shone so brightly that even that one kiss was enough to taste his energy. It was glorious. My whole body thrilled to both it and his touch. He wrapped his arm around my waist, and without conscious thought, I began unbuttoning his shirt. He rolled me over so that I was the one on my back now and moved his mouth down to my neck. The knee-length skirts of this time gave him easy access to run his hand up my leg, and I pressed myself closer to him, pulling at his clothes while his hungry lips moved farther and farther down. All the while, that beautiful life filled me. I was drowning in it. When his lips reached the spot between my breasts, something seemed to jolt him to reality. He pulled up from me, running his hand over my hair as he looked down into my eyes. â€Å"Oh God,† he said. â€Å"We can't do this. Not now.† The mantra of moral men everywhere. â€Å"We can,† I said, surprised at the pleading in my own voice. It was the affection I felt for him speaking, not any agenda of Hell's. I wanted – needed – him to be closer to me. He sighed. â€Å"Suzette, Suzette. I want to. But I want us to get married. I can't do this – can't do this to you – unless I know you'll be my wife. It isn't right otherwise.† I stared up at him, uncertainty interfering with my desire. â€Å"Are you†¦are you proposing to me?† Luc thought about it for a moment and then grinned again, giving me another of those radiant smiles that never failed to make my heart race. â€Å"Yes. I guess I am. We'd have to wait a little bit – wait until I had more money. But when the war's over, things will get better.† This war's never going to be over, some gloomy part of me thought. But just now, that wasn't the real issue. His wanting to marry me was. It was impossible, of course. I could theoretically shape-shift so that I aged with him, all the while getting succubus sex on the side. Some succubi did that, having countless husbands over the centuries. Most didn't even stick around. They just disappeared. Their marital vows meant nothing. Looking at him now, at that burning love in his eyes, I felt my heart torn in two. If I said yes, he would wrap me up again and make love to me. If I said no, he wouldn't – not out of spite, but because of what was honorable. This could be so easy. Say yes. Promise I'd marry him and take him now. I could fulfill my heart's longing, my body's longing, and keep my good standing with Hell. I could leave after we were married. Or, easier still, break off the engagement. All I had to do was give him a dishonest â€Å"yes.† Sex to him wasn't right without that. Really, it was a wonder he didn't insist on waiting until marriage. The commitment was apparently enough. He believed in me. He believed I was a good, honest person. If I said I loved him and would be true to him forever, then he would accept that. Just say yes. But the words stuck in my throat. I couldn't lie to him. I couldn't let him find out how base I really was. And as his lingering life energy burned inside me, I realized I couldn't steal more from him. The guilt of what I'd done already was hitting me hard. It had only been the barest taste, but it had clipped time off of his life. And if I did back out of marriage after we'd had sex, he'd think what we'd done had been wrong. A sin. A black mark on his soul. I slid out from under him and sat up. â€Å"No,† I said. â€Å"I can't marry you.† His happy face remained unchanged. â€Å"It doesn't have to be now. And it doesn't even have to be†¦about this.† He gestured to where I'd just been lying in the grass. â€Å"Like I said, we couldn't get married for a while anyway.† â€Å"No,† I repeated, my heart sinking. â€Å"I can't†¦I can't marry you. Ever.† I can't hurt you. I care about you too much. I can't take your light from the world. He must have seen something in my face, something that drove home the truth of my words. That smile faded. The sun disappeared behind clouds. My heart broke. I hastily stood up, suddenly unable to look at him. What was wrong with me? I didn't know. All I knew was that I couldn't stay there. I couldn't stay there and see him hurting. If I did, I would start sobbing. As it was, I could feel tears starting to sting my eyes. â€Å"Suzette, wait!† I hurried away but soon heard him coming behind me. Even after my rejection, he didn't sound angry. He was concerned, worried about me. I hated that even more. I wish I'd driven him into a rage. But, no, even something like this†¦it would hurt him, yet he would respect both me and my choice. Which was why I had to stay away from him. Not just now, but always. I knew now that I couldn't be around someone I cared about. I couldn't stand the thought of causing pain to a loved one. I couldn't stand the thought of damning a good soul. Somewhere, somehow, after centuries of blithely harming others, I had gone horribly awry as a succubus. How? When? With Niccol? °? Was it just the gradual sum of all the lives and souls I'd harmed finally taking a toll on me? I was headed back for the hat shop. Bastien and I lived above it. I could still hear Luc following me, calling out to me that everything was okay. I knew if I made it inside, he wouldn't come barging in after me. He'd probably knock politely at the door but would go away if Bastien told him to. I took a shortcut, cutting behind some buildings off the main road. I knew the way well, but it was dark now, limiting my vision enough that I didn't see the soldier until I ran straight into him. He was standing so still and so solidly that it was like I'd accidentally run into one of the building's walls. I bounced back, and he caught me by the shoulder. â€Å"Easy there,† he said. His French had a heavy German accent but was articulated well. â€Å"You'll hurt yourself.† He was a giant of a man, young and not unattractive. I couldn't quite tell in the fading light, but his uniform made me think he was an officer of some sort. He was smiling down at me and hadn't let go of my shoulder. â€Å"Thank you,† I said demurely. I tried to step back gracefully, but his grip was strong. â€Å"You shouldn't be out here at all,† he added. â€Å"It's dangerous. Especially with curfew coming.† Curfew was nowhere near coming, despite the darkening sky. He looked me over as he spoke. My skirt had fallen back into place while running, but several buttons on my blouse had come undone with Luc and hadn't been fixed. It provided a pretty good vantage on my bra and cleavage. â€Å"My house is just over there,† I said. â€Å"I'll just – I'll just go now.† The hand on my shoulder stayed locked where it was, but his other hand had slipped through the opening in my blouse and was tracing the shape of my breast. Great. After all the deep and traumatic revelations I'd had tonight about the cursed life of a succubus, the last thing I needed was a Nazi feeling me up. Scratch that. There was something worse. â€Å"Let her go.† Luc's voice rang out behind me, and I winced. I'd hoped I'd lost him in the chase, but if he had seen me coming in this direction, he could have made a pretty good guess about which path I was taking home. â€Å"Walk away,† said the officer. â€Å"This has nothing to do with you.† Luc's fists were balled up. â€Å"Let her go,† he repeated. â€Å"I won't tell you again.† The officer laughed, but it was a harsh, terrible sound. â€Å"You won't tell me anything.† I tried my best to peer at Luc while still in that hard grip. â€Å"Go,† I told him. â€Å"It'll be all right. I'll be okay.† â€Å"Smart girl,† said the German. Luc lunged at him, and I was shoved out of the way as the two men grappled with each other. I stared in horror. Everything happened so quickly that my brain barely had time to even register what I was seeing. Luc was strong and fast, but the other guy was huge – and had a knife. I saw it flash briefly in what light was left, and then Luc's body went rigid. The officer stepped back, jerking the blade out of Luc's stomach as he did. I shrieked and tried to run toward him, but the Nazi's arm stopped me, grabbing hold of me once more. Luc's hands clutched at his stomach as blood flowed from it. He looked down at it in disbelief, like he was waiting for a punch line to reveal itself, and then he collapsed to the ground. I tried again to break free of my captor but couldn't. Luc's eyes gazed up at me, though his lips couldn't form any words as he lay there in that terrible agony, the life pouring out of his body. â€Å"There,† said the German officer, pulling me so that I was pressed against his chest. His knife had disappeared to wherever it had come from, and the hand that had held it – the hand that had stabbed Luc – was reaching under my shirt again. â€Å"Now there are no more distractions.† I heard Luc make a strangled sound as the officer ripped open the last of my buttons. Enough of my numbed shock wore off that I remembered I could fight back here. I could shape-shift to twice this guy's size and – Thunk. The Nazi's head lurched forward as something struck him from behind. His hold on me released, and he fell to the ground unconscious. Bastien stood behind him holding a hat block: a heavy, rounded wooden object used for constructing hats. â€Å"I'd know your scream anywhere,† he said. I had no time for his joking or to offer thanks. I dropped to my knees beside Luc and pulled off my blazer, frantically trying to use it to stop the bleeding. He was still conscious, and his eyes were on my face, still full of that hope and love that was so characteristic of him. Bastien knelt beside me, face solemn. â€Å"No human medicine can fix this, Fleur,† he said quietly. â€Å"I know.† I'd known as soon as I'd seen Luc fall. It was why I hadn't sent Bastien to get help. â€Å"Oh God. This can't be happening.† â€Å"It's†¦all right.† Luc's words were barely audible, and I had a feeling he was choking on blood. â€Å"You're safe†¦all that matters†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He coughed again, and this time I did see blood near his lips. â€Å"No, no,† I said. â€Å"It wasn't worth it. It wasn't worth it. None of this should have happened!† It was my fault. All my fault. Luc had come to save me from the German. I'd run into the German because I'd fled from Luc. And I'd fled from Luc because I'd suddenly latched on to a moral high ground and refused to have sex with him. If I'd just given in†¦if I'd just said I'd marry him and taken him like a succubus should have, this never would have happened. We would have been lying in the grass right now, naked in each other's arms. Instead, he'd died in this alley because of me, because of my weakness. I was a succubus who'd tried to act human – and I'd done a shitty job at both. Luc was beyond speech now. Everything was said with his eyes as he gazed at me, like I was some angel sent to carry him home. Bastien nudged me. â€Å"Fleur, he's going to stay alive a little while. You know how long stomach wounds take. It's agony.† â€Å"I know,† I growled, choking off a sob. â€Å"You don't need to tell me.† Bastien's voice was grave. â€Å"You can stop it. Ease his suffering.† I stared at Bastien incredulously. â€Å"What do you expect me to do? Go get that knife and finish him?† He shook his head. â€Å"He's only got a little life left, Fleur. Only a little. You won't need to do much.† I didn't get it right away. When I did, I felt my eyes go wide. â€Å"No†¦I can't†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"He dies regardless,† said Bastien. â€Å"You can make it faster†¦sweeter†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I was still shaking my head, but Bastien's words had penetrated. He was right. He was right, and I hated him because he was right. Turning from Bastien, I looked back at Luc, whose brow I'd been stroking with my hand. His gaze was still turned upward, still at me. A drop of water fell on his cheek, and I realized it was one of my tears. â€Å"Good-bye, Luc,† I said softly. It seemed like I should say a million other things to him, but I couldn't form the words. So, instead, I leaned down and brought my lips to his. I pressed against them, making full contact, though it had none of the animal passion from before. This was gentler. A whisper of a kiss. But as Bastien had said, it didn't take much. The beautiful, silvery sweetness of his life energy flowed into me. It was just as pure and perfect as before – and it was gone quickly. I took it into me and sat up, just as Luc exhaled his last breath. The eyes that had watched me so adoringly saw nothing now. I sat up and leaned against Bastien. â€Å"I killed him,† I said, no longer holding the tears back. â€Å"You brought him peace. You were his angel.† It was an eerie echo of my earlier sentiments. â€Å"No, this†¦I mean, before. He shouldn't have been out here. He's here because†¦because of me. If I'd slept with him, this wouldn't have happened. But I couldn't. I didn't want to hurt him†¦didn't want to taint him†¦and then this happened†¦.† Bastien put his arm around me. â€Å"If it makes you feel better, his soul won't be going to our people.† I buried my face in his shoulder. â€Å"This is my fault. My fault†¦I should have done what I was supposed to do. I was ready to – then he asked me to marry him and – damn it. I should have done it. I should have lied. It would have been better for everyone. I don't know how this happened†¦.† â€Å"It happened because you get too close to them,† said Bastien. He was stern but trying hard to be gentle. â€Å"Men like this†¦anyone like this†¦they enchant you, Fleur. You get attached and then you get hurt.† â€Å"Or I hurt them,† I murmured. â€Å"You need to stay indifferent.† â€Å"It's getting worse,† I said. â€Å"Every time, it's harder on me. I don't understand. What's happening to me? What's wrong with me?† â€Å"Immortality,† he said wisely. â€Å"Too many years.† â€Å"What do you know? You're younger than me.† Bastien helped me stand, though I was reluctant to let Luc go. â€Å"I know that you can't keep doing this. Listen to what I said: don't get attached to these good ones. No matter what you do, it won't end well.† â€Å"I won't go near the good ones at all,† I said in a small voice. â€Å"No more. I'm staying away from them altogether.† Bastien's kindly mien dropped. â€Å"That's ridiculous,† he scoffed. â€Å"Weren't you listening to me earlier? You can't go after immoral men for eternity. You'd get no energy. You'd have to do it every other day.† I looked down at Luc, Luc who had loved me and gotten killed for me. My fault. All my fault. â€Å"Never again,† I said. â€Å"I won't ever hurt anyone like that again.† When I returned to the box in the dark, I didn't need the Oneroi to enlighten me. All of that dream had been true – except for the last part. It had been a lie. I had continued to hurt people, over and over.

Free Essays on Biblical References In One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest

â€Å"Now he’s nailed against the wall†¦ in the same shape, arms out, palms cupped, with the same horror on his face† (Kesey 14). After the Big Nurse overloaded Ellis with electro-shock therapy, she nailed him to the wall in the shape of a cross. This is just one of the many examples in the novel, One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey, which is similar to an event that happened in Biblical times. Although most people consider the novel to be a comical book, many of the characters in One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest relate in many ways to people from the New Testament of the Bible. One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a novel about patients in an insane asylum. The main character, McMurphy, comes into the ward as a new patient and immediately lets everyone know that he is the â€Å"Bull Goose Looney† (which is his phrase for the leader of the patients on the ward). The other men are intrigued and somewhat hold back from him at first. The narrator, Chief Bromden, is half-Indian. He pretends to be deaf and dumb in order to beat the horrible system in which the patients are forced to follow daily. As the story progresses, McMurphy rebels against the Big Nurse, and encourages the other patients to stand up for themselves. The Big Nurse says that he is hurting the therapy that she gives the patients, when ironically he is probably the most therapeutic person to ever come to the ward. Many compare McMurphy to Jesus Christ because he has many of the same characteristics. When he came onto the ward, the other patients did not immediately accept him. They were all wondering who he was and why he always had such a positive attitude. This is similar to Jesus’ childhood, because people were somewhat afraid of the things that he said and the potential power he could hold. McMurphy began to preach to the other patients, helping to show them the ways that the Big Nurse and the black boys were mistreating them. When he get... Free Essays on Biblical References In One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Free Essays on Biblical References In One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest â€Å"Now he’s nailed against the wall†¦ in the same shape, arms out, palms cupped, with the same horror on his face† (Kesey 14). After the Big Nurse overloaded Ellis with electro-shock therapy, she nailed him to the wall in the shape of a cross. This is just one of the many examples in the novel, One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey, which is similar to an event that happened in Biblical times. Although most people consider the novel to be a comical book, many of the characters in One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest relate in many ways to people from the New Testament of the Bible. One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a novel about patients in an insane asylum. The main character, McMurphy, comes into the ward as a new patient and immediately lets everyone know that he is the â€Å"Bull Goose Looney† (which is his phrase for the leader of the patients on the ward). The other men are intrigued and somewhat hold back from him at first. The narrator, Chief Bromden, is half-Indian. He pretends to be deaf and dumb in order to beat the horrible system in which the patients are forced to follow daily. As the story progresses, McMurphy rebels against the Big Nurse, and encourages the other patients to stand up for themselves. The Big Nurse says that he is hurting the therapy that she gives the patients, when ironically he is probably the most therapeutic person to ever come to the ward. Many compare McMurphy to Jesus Christ because he has many of the same characteristics. When he came onto the ward, the other patients did not immediately accept him. They were all wondering who he was and why he always had such a positive attitude. This is similar to Jesus’ childhood, because people were somewhat afraid of the things that he said and the potential power he could hold. McMurphy began to preach to the other patients, helping to show them the ways that the Big Nurse and the black boys were mistreating them. When he get...

How to Mix Acid and Water Safely

How to Mix Acid and Water Safely When you mix acid  with water, its extremely important to add the acid to the water rather than the other way around. This is  because acid and water react in a vigorous exothermic reaction, releasing heat, sometimes boiling the liquid. If you add acid to water, the water is unlikely to splash up, however, even if it did, its less likely to cause injuries than if you make the mistake of adding water to acid. When you add water to acid, the water boils and  the acid may splatter and splash! Extra Caution With Strong Acids This rule is particularly important if you are working with strong acids that react completely with water. Mixing sulfuric acid and water is particularly risky because any splashed acid is corrosive enough to immediately burn skin and clothing. When mixing sulfuric acid or another strong acid, start with a volume of water large enough to absorb the heat of the reaction. Add the acid in small amounts of volume and stir thoroughly prior to adding more. Just Remember: Add the Acid An easy way to remember the rule  is Add the Acid. Protective Gear and a Fume Hood Because of the risk of splashes and the release of dangerous fumes, acids and water should be mixed inside a fume hood. Protective goggles, gloves, and a lab coat should be worn. If Acid Splashes In most cases, an acid splash should be treated by immediately rinsing the affected area with running water. Acid splashes on a lab bench or other surfaces may be neutralized by adding a weak base solution (e.g., baking soda in water). Although a strong base will neutralize an acid more quickly than a weak base, a strong base should never be used because the reaction between a strong base and acid releases a great deal of heat.

Malleability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Malleability - Essay Example A person cannot remain the same from birth to death - changes are inevitable. These changes not only comprise of physical and growth, but also of the mental capacities. When these mental capabilities expand along with one's horizons, he tends to perceive the world in a much better manner. When one experiences different situations and lives his daily life around people, he learns how to behave in certain situations and what actions to take when one is encountering a particular scene. All these instances shape the thinking, perceptions, judgments, relationships, and even one's simple lifestyle; all this leads to a change in a person's fixed dispositions, traits, attributes and characteristics - a change in personality. This change in personality is only possible when a person is flexible or say, malleable. If one is too rigid and has a fixed path of actions that they follow, life becomes very difficult for them. This reason behind this is that it is impossible to a person to fit into every situation with his particular traits. When a person understands the situation and comprehends what course of action needs to be performed, he might realize that the action is not compatible with his personality; thus, demanding a flex in his traits.

Delivering Service Excellence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Delivering Service Excellence - Assignment Example The airlines company is failing to maintain excellence in the services provided in terms of quality and price. The two key aspects of service excellence  which the airlines company requires to give attention to are thus quality and price maintenance. Ryan Airline, the competitors of British Airways is maintaining price and quality leadership for attaining a journey of excellence in the airlines industry. Therefore, to increase the competitiveness, sustain and grow in the business, British airways require elevating the service excellence towards the customers. The paper highlights in details about the shortcomings in the service marketing, recommendations for the same with suitable models and theories to indicate how the airlines company can  improve, and develop a sustainable service strategy.   Service can be described as solutions that are provided to deliver a consistent set of outcomes, performance and deliverables for organization, systems as well as people. Services are intended to satisfy the expectations, motivations and unmet needs of the receivers. The quality of service depends on the effectiveness of the activities of the providers. The performance and experience of a service rest on the way it is produced. A service may be further described as a perishable and intangible component of a business offering or a form of promoting tangible products. The complete methodology to generate awareness, interest, desire and action (AIDA) to ingest services that are offered by the provider is referred to as service marketing (Lin and Hsieh, 2014). Service marketing can be referred to as the subfield of marketing that covers the promotion of goods as well as services. Marketing of goods refers to the promotion of durables and the fast moving consumer good (FMCG). On the other hand, service marketing denotes to the business to business (B2B) and business to consumer (B2C) services (Lin and Hsieh,

Niger country Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Niger country - Research Paper Example Large deserts cover the North of the country. A little over three fourths of its area is covered by the Sahara desert. The terrain is largely made up of desert plains and sand dunes, with flat to rolling Savannas in the South and hills in the North. The Southwest of the country, where the river Niger flows, is the only fertile land and is also home to most of its citizens. The Niger stretches across Western Africa for a length of about 2, 600 miles and is considered to be one of the primary rivers in Africa besides the Nile and the Congo. The Geographical layout of Niger is almost twice as more as that of California and comprises of mixed terrain with central hills and plateaus that merge themselves into expansive lowlands with plains in the North and mountains in the Southwest. Each region experiences its own climate. The North is a more arid region, while the center of Niger experiences a tropical kind of climate, and the South a more Equatorial climate. This happens because the Af rican continent is extremely vast. The Atlantic Ocean at 0m is considered to be the lowest point, while the highest point is taken to be Chappal Waddi which rises to a height of 2, 419m through which runs Africa’s most famous river, the Niger. ... The population of Niger is predominantly Islamic and is distributed mostly between the West and the far South of the country, primarily because that is the only inhabitable land mass due to the presence of the river Niger and the flora, fauna and fertile land surrounding it. The people are mostly descendents of the nomadic Tuaregs, who were the first inhabitants of the Sahara region, followed by the Hausa from the 14th century, the Zerma from the 17th century, the Gobir from the 18th century and the Fulani from the 19th century. Niamey is the capital city and is located in the far-southwest corner. The country was incorporated into French West Africa in 1896. At the time, the country was in a state of seemingly perpetual turmoil, but once harmony was restored, the French made the area its colony in 1922.The French constitution was adopted through referendum in 1959 that made it an autonomous republic with the French community. To this day, the country is faced with serious social, na tural and political problems. There is economic instability as nature isn’t too favorable making the country, its people and economy vulnerable to drought from time to time, with the constant threat of locust infestation. Added to this, is political instability arising from constant friction between the civilian political parties and the military and internecine wars among various tribes. U.S. Immigration: The African Experience People of African descent in the United States, until the early 20th century, were not considered as part of America’s migratory tradition historically. This puzzling fact of American society derives from the transatlantic slave trade between the

Microeconomics Project Essay Example for Free

Microeconomics Project Essay For instance, will buyers or sellers pay a larger portion of the tax per unit? Explain. Alike the weight on buyers’ tax accepted by them is more for goods that have inelastic demand. Based on the elasticity classifications their effect on tax revenue, and tax incidence, which goods would the government prefer to tax? The Government tax goods with inelastic demand like meats, bread, soft drinks as people will devour for these items in the face of the change in price Part 2: Research the effect of changes in cigarette taxes on tax revenue for a state. Does this change indicate cigarettes have an elastic or inelastic demand in that state? Support your answer I have chosen Indiana where I am and Illinois and Michigan which are close to Indiana. State and local tobacco tax revenue select years 2008 to 2010 thousand of dollars Indiana 519,871-2008, 510,585-2009, 484,686-2010, Illinois 827,484-2008, 770,648-2009, 746,953-2010, Michigan 1,076,087-2008, 1,043,532-2009, 1,057,495-2010 What is showed is that cigarettes have an inelastic a decrease in price reduces revenue the increase in quantity demanded is proportionally smaller than the decrease in price.

The Mysterious Jewel in Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying Essay -- Faulkner’s

The Mysterious Jewel in Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying William Faulkner loves to keep the reader guessing. One of his favorite narrative techniques is to hint at a topic and raise questions and then leave the reader dangling. We are left with a void which we can not fill. The questions that the reader is left with will eventually be answered, but the reader will find the answers before Faulkner comes out and states what is by then the obvious. A good example is in As I Lay Dying where understanding the significance of Jewel is a major part of understanding the story. Jewel is introduced in the first lines of the story, but his character is presented as being different and set apart. We know who Darl is right away. He is the narrator. What the relationship is between these two is unknown. The only clue that they may be brothers is their hats, but Jewel’s actions are set apart; â€Å"Jewel, fifteen feet behind me, looking straight ahead, steps in a single stride through the window†(4). The action of stepping through a window in a ‘single stride’ is difficult to imagine being able to do oneself, and yet Jewel does; â€Å"staring straight ahead, his pale eyes like wood set into his wooden face†(4). I am asking myself, who is this guy? Faulkner has set Jewel apart from the other characters. Faulkner heightens our curiosity about Jewel with the unusual scene with the horse. He captures his horse by diving into the air while the horse is rearing and pawing at him. He grabs onto the horse’s muzzle while in mid-air; â€Å"his whole body earthfree, horizontal, whipping snake-limber, until he finds the horse’s nostrils and touches earth again†(12). After he catches the horse he doesn’t put on a halter and lead the horse, or any way to control the anim... ...eople who don’t know fear. Sin is just a word as well. Addie says that she has cleaned her house, and that was her life, that was getting ready to die. After Jewel was born she is faced with paying for her life’s mistakes; â€Å"I lying calm in the slow silence, getting ready to clean my house†(176). She understands the words of her father completely. The rest of her life was spent getting â€Å"ready to stay dead†(175). Is the love hate relationship between Jewel and his horse similar to the relationship between Jewel and Addie? Cora tells us that Addie favored Jewel, but Addie says that she had two children that were hers before Jewel is born, and then she says, â€Å"I gave Anse Dewy Dell to negative Jewel. Then I gave him Vardaman to replace the child I had robbed him of. And now he has three children that are his and not mine†(176). Who are the three she is referring to?

Advertising in Schools Essay

Although this semester our class has discussed the different types of advertising in the marketplace, one technique that was not discussed is that of advertising in schools. This idea is a growing technique that if conducted the right way, could perhaps benefit not only corporate organizations, but also schools and students. However, there are many critics, along with parents that feel advertising in schools is a horrible idea and could only lead to harm. Many advertisers view children as a profitable three-in-one market. That is, 1) As buyers themselves 2) As influencers of their parents purchases, and 3) As a future adult customer. See more: Recruitment and selection process essay Every year, children have an estimated $15 billion of their own money, of which they spend $11 billion of it on products such as toys, clothes, candy and snacks. Children also influence at least $160 billion in parental purchases. Generally speaking, today’s children have more money to spend than ever before. Companies know this and find that advertising to the ‘youth of the nation’ can be beneficial and lead to future dedicated customers. Because of the increase in children’s spending power in recent decades, advertisers have closely targeted children as consumers. New advertising strategies aimed at children have been steadily growing and expanding. The toy-related program, or program length commercial (which is just like a infomercial) is developed to sell toys, and stirred public attention and debates. Along with this form of advertising, 900-number telephone services were accused of being aimed at children. In the 1980’s, children got their own TV networks, radio networks, magazines, newspapers, kids’ clothing brands, and other high-price items such as video games and other high-tech products. Other new advertising strategies include kids’ clubs, store displays directed at children, direct mailing to children, and sponsored school activities. At first glance, selling corporate sponsorship rights to pay for school activities looks like a win-win situation. Needy schools get resources they need. Companies get new marketing opportunities that can build brand loyalty. After all, advertising in schools is nothing new. Districts have long used ads from local businesses to help pay the costs of school newspapers, yearbooks, and athletic programs. Even here at CBU our athletic department sells ads for ‘Sports Media Guides’ to local institutions as well as national organizations. A growing number of companies are offering schools money for a chance to market their products directly to students. As budgets shrink, schools must find ways to get extra funding. Many schools are doing away with fund-raising and have begun to look at corporate dollars to fund just about everything. Signing contracts with these companies seems like an easy way to get the money they need. Schools need funding for in-school activities and equipment, and, in order to reduce the number of children going home to empty houses, they need to fund many after-school activities. Product advertisements can be found almost everywhere in schools. They are most frequently found in stadiums, gymnasiums, school cafeterias, hallways, and on textbook covers. Some schools across the nation are even putting advertisements on school buses. So what types of advertising are out there in our schools? There are different categories that ads can fall into. The following categories can represent most the advertising techniques used in our schools today and give a description of how they work. Types of Advertising 1) In-school advertisements In-school ads are forms of advertising that can be found on billboards, on school buses, on scoreboards, in school hallways, in soft drink machines, or on sports uniforms. This type of advertising is also found in product coupons and in give-aways that are given to students. 2) â€Å"Exclusive rights† contracts A company gives money to schools that carry ONLY their products. Extra money can also be given if a schools’ sales exceed a certain amount(quota). 3) Corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs Sponsored educational materials include free or low-cost items which can be used for instruction. Examples of these may include; multimedia teaching kits, videotapes, software, books, posters, activity sheets, and workbooks. While some of these materials may be ad-free, others may contain advertising for the producer of the item, or they may contain biased information aimed at swaying students towards a company’s product or service. 4) Corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs This is where students compete for prizes by selling, buying or collecting labels for a certain product. These contests and incentive programs bring brand names into the schools along with the promise of such rewards as free pizzas, cash, points towards buying educational equipment, or trips and other prizes. 5) Ads in classroom materials and programs Ads in classroom materials include any commercial messages in magazines or video programming used in school. A perfect example of this type of advertising is â€Å"Channel One†. Channel One is a 12-minute daily news show for students in grades 6 through 12 that includes two minutes of age-appropriate ads for products like jeans and soft drinks. In exchange for airing the program each day at the same time for three years, Channel One gives schools a satellite dish, a cable hookup, a television monitor for each classroom, and an agreement to service the equipment for the three years. While some state school systems had originally said ‘No’ to Channel One, the company reports to be present in some 350,000 classrooms. So what types of guidelines are set to insure that in-school advertising is done correctly and does not become overly exploited? Those who support the call for guidelines include educational groups such as the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, The National Parent Teacher Association, and the National Education Association. The Society of Consumer Affairs Professionals in Business(SOCAP) and Consumers International are two consumer interest groups that have formulated guidelines for sponsored materials. These guidelines suggest that†¦ † †¦ education materials should be accurate, objective, clearly written, nondiscriminatory, and noncommercial. † (Karpatkin & Holmes) In dealing with the issues of in-school commercialism, Karpatkin & Holmes suggest a three-pronged approach that includes: * Reviewing all sponsored materials and activities and holding them to the same standards as other similar items by using the SOCAP guidelines. * Pursuing noncommercial partnerships with businesses and rejecting the notion that it is ethical to bring advertising into the schools to provide materials or funds. * Begin the teaching of media literacy in elementary school, to educate children to be critical readers of advertising, propaganda, and other media messages. Groups that support advertising in schools have very strong arguments to back their case. It seems that there is a large area for investment in advertising in schools. It also appears that if handled correctly, advertising techniques in schools can lead to the raising of an overall helpful, efficient way to ‘fundraise’. Although advertising in schools may bring needed increases in funds, it is not without controversy. Many people are opposed to advertising in schools. They feel that children are being exploited for profit because big companies feel students are a captive, impressionable audience. Is there any way to balance the true goals and purposes of advertising in schools? Perhaps the best way is to have each school decide what amount and types of advertising in their schools is acceptable. And although advertising in schools seems to be a great way of obtaining funds for school activities, every school board should definitely be sure they know what they are getting into before signing any contracts with big time corporations. In-school Advertising Grace Farrell Promotional Strategy Dr. Peyton 12/02/02 Bibliography Chaika, Gloria. Education World. 1998 Education World. Consumers Union Education Services(CUES). 1990. Selling America’s Kids: Commercial Pressures on Kids of the 90’s. Yonkers, N. Y. Karpatkin, Rhoda, H. and Anita Holmes. 1995. Making schools ad-free zones. Educational Leadership 53(Sep, 1):72-76. McNeal, James U. 1990. Kids as customers. New York: Lexington Books. McNeal, James U. â€Å"Planning Priorities for Marketing to Children†. The Journal of Business Strategy. 1991. Advertising in Schools Essay Although this semester our class has discussed the different types of advertising in the marketplace, one technique that was not discussed is that of advertising in schools. This idea is a growing technique that if conducted the right way, could perhaps benefit not only corporate organizations, but also schools and students. However, there are many critics, along with parents that feel advertising in schools is a horrible idea and could only lead to harm. Many advertisers view children as a profitable three-in-one market. That is, 1) As buyers themselves 2) As influencers of their parents purchases, and 3) As a future adult customer. Every year, children have an estimated $15 billion of their own money, of which they spend $11 billion of it on products such as toys, clothes, candy and snacks. Children also influence at least $160 billion in parental purchases. Generally speaking, today’s children have more money to spend than ever before. Companies know this and find that advertising to the ‘youth of the nation’ can be beneficial and lead to future dedicated customers. Because of the increase in children’s spending power in recent decades, advertisers have closely targeted children as consumers. New advertising strategies aimed at children have been steadily growing and expanding. The toy-related program, or program length commercial (which is just like a infomercial) is developed to sell toys, and stirred public attention and debates. Along with this form of advertising, 900-number telephone services were accused of being aimed at children. In the 1980’s, children got their own TV networks, radio networks, magazines, newspapers, kids’ clothing brands, and other high-price items such as video games and other high-tech products. Other new advertising strategies include kids’ clubs, store displays directed at children, direct mailing to children, and sponsored school activities. At first glance, selling corporate sponsorship rights to pay for school activities looks like a win-win situation. Needy schools get resources they need. Companies get new marketing opportunities that can build brand loyalty. After all, advertising in schools is nothing new. Districts have long used ads from local businesses to help pay the costs of school newspapers, yearbooks, and athletic programs. Even here at CBU our athletic department sells ads for ‘Sports Media Guides’ to local institutions as well as national organizations. A growing number of companies are offering schools money for a chance to market their products directly to students. As budgets shrink, schools must find ways to get extra funding. Many schools are doing away with fund-raising and have begun to look at corporate dollars to fund just about everything. Signing contracts with these companies seems like an easy way to get the money they need. Schools need funding for in-school activities and equipment, and, in order to reduce the number of children going home to empty houses, they need to fund many after-school activities. Product advertisements can be found almost everywhere in schools. They are most frequently found in stadiums, gymnasiums, school cafeterias, hallways, and on textbook covers. Some schools across the nation are even putting advertisements on school buses. So what types of advertising are out there in our schools? There are different categories that ads can fall into. The following categories can represent most the advertising techniques used in our schools today and give a description of how they work. Types of Advertising 1) In-school advertisements In-school ads are forms of advertising that can be found on billboards, on school buses, on scoreboards, in school hallways, in soft drink machines, or on sports uniforms. This type of advertising is also found in product  coupons and in give-aways that are given to students. 2) â€Å"Exclusive rights† contracts A company gives money to schools that carry ONLY their products. Extra money can also be given if a schools’ sales exceed a certain amount(quota). 3) Corporate-sponsored educational materials and programs Sponsored educational materials include free or low-cost items which can be used for instruction. Examples of these may include; multimedia teaching kits, videotapes, software, books, posters, activity sheets, and workbooks. While some of these materials may be ad-free, others may contain advertising for the producer of the item, or they may contain biased information aimed at swaying students towards a company’s product or service. 4) Corporate-sponsored contests and incentive programs This is where students compete for prizes by selling, buying or collecting labels for a certain product. These contests and incentive programs bring brand names into the schools along with the promise of such rewards as free pizzas, cash, points towards buying educational equipment, or trips and other prizes. 5) Ads in classroom materials and programs Ads in classroom materials include any commercial messages in magazines or video programming used in school. A perfect example of this type of advertising is â€Å"Channel One†. Channel One is a 12-minute daily news show for students in grades 6 through 12 that includes two minutes of age-appropriate ads for products like jeans and soft drinks. In exchange for airing the program each day at the same time for three years, Channel One gives schools a satellite dish, a cable hookup, a television monitor for each classroom, and an agreement to service the equipment for  the three years. While some state school systems had originally said ‘No’ to Channel One, the company reports to be present in some 350,000 classrooms. So what types of guidelines are set to insure that in-school advertising is done correctly and does not become overly exploited? Those who support the call for guidelines include educational groups such as the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, The National Parent Teacher Association, and the National Education Association. The Society of Consumer Affairs Professionals in Business(SOCAP) and Consumers International are two consumer interest groups that have formulated guidelines for sponsored materials. These guidelines suggest that†¦ † †¦ education materials should be accurate, objective, clearly written, nondiscriminatory, and noncommercial.† (Karpatkin & Holmes) In dealing with the issues of in-school commercialism, Karpatkin & Holmes suggest a three-pronged approach that includes: * Reviewing all sponsored materials and activities and holding them to the same standards as other similar items by using the SOCAP guidelines. * Pursuing noncommercial partnerships with businesses and rejecting the notion that it is ethical to bring advertising into the schools to provide materials or funds. * Begin the teaching of media literacy in elementary school, to educate children to be critical readers of advertising, propaganda, and other media messages. Groups that support advertising in schools have very strong arguments to back their case. It seems that there is a large area for investment in advertising in schools. It also appears that if handled correctly, advertising techniques in schools can lead to the raising of an overall  helpful, efficient way to ‘fundraise’. Although advertising in schools may bring needed increases in funds, it is not without controversy. Many people are opposed to advertising in schools. They feel that children are being exploited for profit because big companies feel students are a captive, impressionable audience. Is there any way to balance the true goals and purposes of advertising in schools? Perhaps the best way is to have each school decide what amount and types of advertising in their schools is acceptable. And although advertising in schools seems to be a great way of obtaining funds for school activities, every school board should definitely be sure they know what they are getting into before signing any contracts with big time corporations. Bibliography Chaika, Gloria. Education World. 1998 Education World. Consumers Union Education Services(CUES). 1990. Selling America’s Kids: Commercial Pressures on Kids of the 90’s. Yonkers, N.Y. Karpatkin, Rhoda, H. and Anita Holmes. 1995. Making schools ad-free zones. Educational Leadership 53(Sep, 1):72-76. McNeal, James U. 1990. Kids as customers. New York: Lexington Books. McNeal, James U. â€Å"Planning Priorities for Marketing to Children†. The Journal of Business Strategy. 1991.